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Circular economy and energy transition: a review of South Africa’s 5-year just energy transition investment plan (JET-IP)

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  • Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe

    (University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Darlington Ashiegbu

    (University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Yusuf Makarfi Isa

    (University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Herman Potgieter

    (University of the Witwatersrand
    Manchester Metropolitan University)

Abstract

Over the past decade, the term "circular economy" has become increasingly important, particularly in the areas of sustainability, resource management, and productivity. This concept is now being actively considered and implemented by national, public, and private organisations worldwide. As concerns about the impacts of climate change increase, so do discussions about mitigating its consequences. An important aspect of this discourse is the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Recognising the unacceptable phenomenon of climate change, particularly global warming, the South African government has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promoting green mobility through the Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP). This study aims to provide a critical review of South Africa’s JET-IP, evaluating the feasibility of the proposed decarbonization of the energy sector by identifying key constraints and opportunities for a successful transition. The approach involved a critical review of South Africa’s Just Energy Transition (JET) policy documents, government documents, and related publications, focusing on the 5-year transition plan. The emphasis is on the status and opportunities of the five-year (2023–2027) JET-IP in South Africa, considering the potential of renewable energy sources in the country. The study reveals that South Africa’s 5-year JET-IP faces two interconnected challenges that hinder its feasibility and smooth implementation: the slow deployment of renewable energy sources and obstacles to ensuring reliable and affordable energy. These challenges stem from resistance to decommissioning coal-fired power generation and austerity-driven utility policies. The study offers perspectives and proposes strategic pathways to accelerate the integration of renewable energy technologies into the country’s current energy mix. The findings provide insights into South Africa’s Just Energy Transition, applicable to fossil fuel-dependent countries, particularly in the coal-reliant Global South. Graphical abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe & Darlington Ashiegbu & Yusuf Makarfi Isa & Herman Potgieter, 2025. "Circular economy and energy transition: a review of South Africa’s 5-year just energy transition investment plan (JET-IP)," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 30(6), pages 1-46, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:30:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s11027-025-10230-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-025-10230-z
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