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Testing four cognition bolt-on items to the EQ-5D in a general Chinese population

Author

Listed:
  • Meixia Liao

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Hongyan Wu

    (Guizhou Medical University)

  • Zhihao Yang

    (Guizhou Medical University)

  • Yan Huang

    (Nanming Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

  • Mathieu F. Janssen

    (Erasmus MC)

  • Gouke Bonsel

    (EuroQol Research Foundation)

  • Nan Luo

    (National University of Singapore)

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of four candidate cognition bolt-on items and their combinations to the EQ-5D-5L. Methods Four cognition items (concentration, memory, calculation, and learning) were developed as separate questionnaire items, and were administered with the standard EQ-5D-5L to 640 individuals in a general population survey in China. From the 4 items, 11 compound items were constructed, and the ‘worse level counts’ rule was used to calculate a compound item score. Psychometric performance of the cognition bolt-ons was assessed in terms of informativity, convergent validity, explanatory power, and discriminatory power. Results The tested four cognition bolt-on items improved the informativity, convergent validity, explanatory power, and discriminatory power of EQ-5D-5L, with calculation and learning yielding better psychometric performance. The compound bolt-on items that coverd a range of cognitive functions demonstrated superior psychometric performance compared to single-aspect bolt-on items, with those items covering calculation and learning resulting in better psychometric performance. Conclusion This study confirmed the validity of the tested cognition bolt-ons in a general Chinese population. It supported the use of a compound bolt-on item covering a range of cognitive functions such as the ability to calculate and learn.

Suggested Citation

  • Meixia Liao & Hongyan Wu & Zhihao Yang & Yan Huang & Mathieu F. Janssen & Gouke Bonsel & Nan Luo, 2025. "Testing four cognition bolt-on items to the EQ-5D in a general Chinese population," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 26(3), pages 403-411, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:26:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s10198-024-01714-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-024-01714-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Efthymiadou, Olina & Mossman, Jean & Kanavos, Panos, 2019. "Health related quality of life aspects not captured by EQ-5D-5L: Results from an international survey of patients," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(2), pages 159-165.
    2. Aureliano Paolo Finch & John Brazier & Clara Mukuria, 2021. "Selecting Bolt-on Dimensions for the EQ-5D: Testing the Impact of Hearing, Sleep, Cognition, Energy, and Relationships on Preferences Using Pairwise Choices," Medical Decision Making, , vol. 41(1), pages 89-99, January.
    3. Pei Wang & Sheue-Lih Chong & Rachel Lee-Yin Tan & Nan Luo, 2023. "A hearing bolt-on item increased the measurement properties of the EQ-5D-5L in a community-based hearing loss screening program," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 24(3), pages 393-398, April.
    4. Nancy J. Devlin & Richard Brooks, 2017. "EQ-5D and the EuroQol Group: Past, Present and Future," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 127-137, April.
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    Keywords

    EQ-5D-5L; Cognition; Bolt-on;
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