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Wpływ doświadczeń Banku Japonii na politykę pieniężną Systemu Rezerwy Federalnej w latach 2007-2011

Author

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  • Jakub Janus

Abstract

Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu doświadczeń Banku Japonii z lat 1991-2006 na sposób prowadzenia i skuteczność polityki pieniężnej Systemu Rezerwy Federalnej USA (SRF) w latach 2007-2011. Przeprowadzona analiza nie ma charakteru czysto porównawczego, a jej zasadniczą intencją jest wskazanie tych składowych polityki pieniężnej SRF, które stanowiły odzwierciedlenie wniosków z pozytywnych i negatywnych lekcji japońskich. Artykuł stanowi także próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i w jakim stopniu doświadczenia te okazały się przydatne dla zwiększenia skuteczności działań SRF w kryzysie. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na identyfikację decyzji Banku Japonii, które odpowiadały za niższą od oczekiwanej skuteczność polityki pieniężnej w warunkach stagnacji i deflacji, w szczególności „nadmierny gradualizm”, czyli podjęcie ekspansji monetarnej zbyt późno i w zbyt ograniczonym stopniu. Dokonano także systematyzacji i opisu zmian w sposobie prowadzenia polityki pieniężnej w USA po 2007 r. Podjęty problem został przeanalizowany w świetle literatury przedmiotu, w której powszechnie dowodzi się większą skuteczność antykryzysowej polityki pieniężnej SRF. W toku analizy ustalono, że proces „uczenia się” SRF na doświadczeniach Banku Japonii miał charakter wielowymiarowy i manifestował się z odmiennym natężeniem w poszczególnych składowych polityki pieniężnej SRF. Stwierdzono, że wykorzystanie przez SRF doświadczeń Banku Japonii uwidoczniło się w największym stopniu w czterech obszarach: a) przekonaniu o konieczności strukturalnych zmian w sposobie prowadzenia polityki pieniężnej w warunkach zagrożenia deflacyjnego, b) zastosowaniu „agresywnych” obniżek stóp procentowych oraz wdrożeniu polityki bilansowej przed wystąpieniem zjawisk deflacyjnych, c) wykorzystaniu niekonwencjonalnych instrumentów polityki pieniężnej, jako alternatywy w warunkach zerowej granicy nominalnych stóp procentowych, d) przykładaniu wzmożonej uwagi do stabilności systemu finansowego i wypełniania funkcji pożyczkodawcy ostatniej instancji. Lekcje japońskie w znikomym stopniu przyczyniły się jednak do funkcjonowania SRF na poziomie instytucjonalnym, wpływając niemal wyłącznie na zmiany w zastosowanych w USA narzędziach polityki pieniężnej i sposobie ich wdrożenia.

Suggested Citation

  • Jakub Janus, 2013. "Wpływ doświadczeń Banku Japonii na politykę pieniężną Systemu Rezerwy Federalnej w latach 2007-2011," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1-2, pages 71-90.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2013:i:1-2:p:71-90
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    polityka pieniężna; bankowość centralna; kryzys finansowy i gospodarczy; System Rezerwy Federalnej USA; Bank Japonii;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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