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Close Together and Worlds Apart: An Analysis of Changes in the Ecology of Income in Canadian Cities

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  • L.S. Bourne

    (Centre for Urban and Community Studies and Department of Geography, University of Toronto, 100 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1)

Abstract

The volatile social status of older neighbourhoods has been a concern of both scholars and politicians for some time. Three competing hypotheses, representing different interpretations of past trends and contrasting scenarios for the future, have dominated recent research: the impoverishment (decline), élite (gentrified) and persistence (stability) models. This paper examines these three models with respect to changing income distributions between and within Canadian metropolitan areas and their inner cities from 1950 to 1985. All three hypotheses are found to be wanting. It is shown that the direction of change in inner cities differs markedly among the metropolitan areas, and that while inner-city-suburban contrasts continue to grow in most cities, in a few places these contrasts are overwhelmed by internal diversity and by new clusters of suburban poverty and inner-city wealth. The emerging ecology of income and social status is much more complex and variable than any single hypothesis or research paradigm can encompass.

Suggested Citation

  • L.S. Bourne, 1993. "Close Together and Worlds Apart: An Analysis of Changes in the Ecology of Income in Canadian Cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 30(8), pages 1293-1317, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:30:y:1993:i:8:p:1293-1317
    DOI: 10.1080/00420989320081271
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wheaton, William C, 1977. "Income and Urban Residence: An Analysis of Consumer Demand for Location," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(4), pages 620-631, September.
    2. Michael Broadway, 1989. "A comparison of patterns of urban deprivation between Canadian and U.S. cities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 21(5), pages 531-551, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Markus Moos, 2014. "Generational Dimensions of Neoliberal and Post-Fordist Restructuring: The Changing Characteristics of Young Adults and Growing Income Inequality in Montreal and Vancouver," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(6), pages 2078-2102, November.
    2. Patterson, Zachary & Saddier, Simon & Rezaei, Ali & Manaugh, Kevin, 2014. "Use of the Urban Core Index to analyze residential mobility: the case of seniors in Canadian metropolitan regions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 116-125.

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