A Mathematical Law for Assessing Outcome Values of Games

Background The predominate outcomes of many computerized simulation games , particularly business games , are numeric values, for example, financial statements, as determined by the game algorithm . Numerous types of algorithms have been put forth. Attending these algorithms are issues of their validity; numerous approaches to validation also having been put forth. Aim This research presents a type of digital analysis , Benford’s Law , as a basis for assessing the validity of simulation game numeric outcome values , that is, algorithmic validity . Method To illustrate the application of Benford’s Law, it was applied to income statement items from a business game competition. The first digits and second digits , respectively, of numeric outcome values were analyzed. Results Both the first digits and the second digits conform closely to Benford’s Law . Less conforming outcomes were those of assigned values to which Benford’s Law does not apply. Conclusion Benford’s Law is conceptually and practically appropriate for assessing simulation game numeric outcome values . An example of its application demonstrates this appropriateness.