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A Systematic Literature Review of Organizational Factors Influencing 21st-Century Skills

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  • Mirjam M. Koehorst
  • Alexander J. A. M. van Deursen
  • Jan A. G. M. van Dijk
  • Jos de Haan

Abstract

Skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, problem solving, collaboration, operational skills, and information management, have become increasingly important for 21st-century employees. These skills are often referred to as 21st-century skills and influence how employees handle novel situations. They are indispensable in an economy where the knowledge and skills of employees are seen as a measure for economic potential. This systematic literature review summarizes the current academic knowledge about organizational factors that influence 21st-century skills on an individual level. A search was performed in three databases. The factors found can be sub-divided into three main categories, namely leader characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational characteristics. Transformational leadership was the factor most mentioned in the literature found. Most research found during the search was done on the level of organizational output, exposing a clear gap concerning organizational factors that influence the skill-level of individual employees. These findings can have substantive implications when looking to improve employee skills by altering organizational determinants, by enabling targeted actions to improve these skills for the individual employee.

Suggested Citation

  • Mirjam M. Koehorst & Alexander J. A. M. van Deursen & Jan A. G. M. van Dijk & Jos de Haan, 2021. "A Systematic Literature Review of Organizational Factors Influencing 21st-Century Skills," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:11:y:2021:i:4:p:21582440211067251
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440211067251
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Irdina Farzana Ahmad Shazli & Noor Hidayah Che Lah & Mashitoh Hashim & Ramlah Mailok & Aslina Saad & Suraya Hamid, 2023. "A Comprehensive Study of Students’ Challenges and Perceptions of Emergency Remote Education During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
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    4. Muhammad Mohiuddin & Elahe Hosseini & Sedigheh Bagheri Faradonbeh & Mehdi Sabokro, 2022. "Achieving Human Resource Management Sustainability in Universities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-19, January.

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