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The Impact of National Anthem Protests on National Football League Television Ratings

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  • Judah Brown
  • Brandon J. Sheridan

Abstract

The National Football League’s (NFL) television ratings decreased by approximately 8% during the 2016 season, then a further 10% the following season. These declines coincided with league-wide national anthem protests initiated by Colin Kaepernick at the beginning of the 2016 season. Existing research identifies many determinants of demand for sporting events, but athletes’ protests are seldom considered. We use detailed data on players’ protests and television ratings to construct a new, game-level panel for the four NFL seasons between 2014 and 2017. Our results show protests are statistically significantly associated with lower TV ratings, but the economic magnitude is relatively muted.

Suggested Citation

  • Judah Brown & Brandon J. Sheridan, 2020. "The Impact of National Anthem Protests on National Football League Television Ratings," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 21(8), pages 829-847, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:21:y:2020:i:8:p:829-847
    DOI: 10.1177/1527002520944452
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Oliver Engist & Felix Schafmeister, 2022. "Do political protests mobilize voters? Evidence from the Black Lives Matter protests," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 193(3), pages 293-313, December.

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