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Land Inequality and Rural Unrest

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  • Michael Albertus
  • Thomas Brambor
  • Ricardo Ceneviva

Abstract

What is the relationship between landholding inequality and rural unrest? And why does land reform that ostensibly addresses rural grievances sometimes exacerbate unrest? We advance the understanding of these longstanding questions by shifting the emphasis from how landholding inequality fuels rural grievances to how it captures the collective action capacity of landowners. Using municipal-level data from Brazil’s large land reform program from 1988 to 2013, we demonstrate that the relationship between landholding inequality and unrest is conditional. Isolated threats to landed elites in the form of land invasions are difficult to repel, generating a positive relationship between landholding inequality and one-off land invasions. By contrast, sustained, broader local threats triggered by nearby land reforms catalyze landowner organization to repel land invasions, leading to the reverse relationship. The findings provide a novel answer for why a straightforward link between land inequality and rural unrest is elusive and may generalize to a broad range of similar cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Albertus & Thomas Brambor & Ricardo Ceneviva, 2018. "Land Inequality and Rural Unrest," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 62(3), pages 557-596, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:62:y:2018:i:3:p:557-596
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002716654970
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    2. Fatema, Naureen, 2019. "Can land title reduce low-intensity interhousehold conflict incidences and associated damages in eastern DRC?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-1.

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