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Achieving SDG-13 in the Era of Conflicts: The Roles of Economic Growth and Government Stability

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  • Jiapeng Dai
  • Zahoor Ahmed
  • Ugur Korkut Pata
  • Mahmood Ahmad

Abstract

Establishing effective climate control and reducing the ecological footprint (EF) are necessary for pursuing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular Goal 13. In this context, it is required to enhance the understanding of various factors that can either decrease or enhance the EF. In the literature to date, limited studies on external conflicts (EX) have reported diverse results, and also the impacts of government stability (GS) on EF are less explored. This study explores the roles of external conflicts, economic growth, and government stability on EF in the context of SDG-13. The study also contributes to the literature by examining the environmental effects of government stability and external conflicts for the first time in Pakistan. This research uses time-series methodologies on data from Pakistan from 1984 to 2018 for exploring the long-run relations and causal dynamics. The results unfolded that external conflicts stimulate and Granger cause EF and therefore expand environmental deterioration. Thus, limiting conflicts is in the favor of Pakistan to achieve SDG-13. Surprisingly, government stability also poses harmful impacts on environmental quality by enhancing the EF, indicating that stable governments focus on improving economic conditions rather than environmental quality. Moreover, the study proves the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve. Policy suggestions are made to move forward in achieving SDG-13 and to evaluate the effectiveness of government environmental policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiapeng Dai & Zahoor Ahmed & Ugur Korkut Pata & Mahmood Ahmad, 2023. "Achieving SDG-13 in the Era of Conflicts: The Roles of Economic Growth and Government Stability," Evaluation Review, , vol. 47(6), pages 1168-1192, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:evarev:v:47:y:2023:i:6:p:1168-1192
    DOI: 10.1177/0193841X231160626
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dai, Siwei & Su, Mengying & Liu, Yandong & Xu, Zhaoyi, 2023. "Digital economy, resource richness, external conflicts, and ecological footprint: Evidence from emerging countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    2. Si Mohammed, Kamel & Tedeschi, Marco & Mallek, Sabrine & Tarczyńska-Łuniewska, Małgorzata & Zhang, Anqi, 2023. "Realized semi variance quantile connectedness between oil prices and stock market: Spillover from Russian-Ukraine clash," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    3. Avik Sinha & Mehmet Akif Destek & Daniel Balsalobre Lorente, 2023. "Preface to Special Issue on “Evaluation of Policy Conflicts towards Sustainable Development Goalsâ€," Evaluation Review, , vol. 47(6), pages 947-950, December.
    4. Zhao, Xin & Shang, Yuping & Magazzino, Cosimo & Madaleno, Mara & Mallek, Sabrine, 2023. "Multi-step impacts of environmental regulations on green economic growth: Evidence in the lens of natural resource dependence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).

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