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Conséquence de la crise financière ou crise d’une forme de capitalisme : la faillite des Big Three

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  • Freyssenet, Michel
  • Jetin, Bruno

Abstract

Les constructeurs automobiles américains n’ont pas été les victimes malheureuses de la crise financière qui les aurait empêchés de se redresser à temps. L’aggravation des inégalités sociales à partir des années 1980 a fait émerger notamment une demande de véhicules onéreux, les light-trucks. Elle s’est révélée très rentable pour GM, Ford et Chrysler et leur a permis de prospérer tout au long des années 1990 malgré la concurrence des constructeurs japonais. L’externalisation d’une part croissante de la production et la diversification dans les services devait en outre renforcer la profitabilité. L’éclatement de la bulle internet en 2000 révéla le mirage de la « nouvelle économie » et l’externalisation, combinée aux engagements de l’entreprise pour assurer les pensions de retraite, entraîna une hausse inexorable des coûts salariaux des Big Three et une baisse des profits dès 2005. L’accroissement de l’endettement des ménages maintint artificiellement les ventes jusqu’au dénouement final. Les Big Three ont directement contribué à ce que la crise advienne, en adhérant à la « nouvelle économie » et en mettant en œuvre ses recettes. La question est de savoir s’ils avaient une alternative.

Suggested Citation

  • Freyssenet, Michel & Jetin, Bruno, 2011. "Conséquence de la crise financière ou crise d’une forme de capitalisme : la faillite des Big Three," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 9.
    • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2011:9233
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vincent Frigant, 2009. "Winners and Losers in the Auto Parts Industry: Trajectories Followed by the Main First Tier Suppliers Over the Past Decade," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Michel Freyssenet (ed.), The Second Automobile Revolution, chapter 22, pages 419-442, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4189 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Alan Greenspan & James Kennedy, 2008. "Sources and uses of equity extracted from homes," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 24(1), pages 120-144, spring.
    4. Atif Mian & Amir Sufi, 2011. "House Prices, Home Equity-Based Borrowing, and the US Household Leverage Crisis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(5), pages 2132-2156, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vincent FRIGANT, 2011. "Three uncertainties looming over the European auto industry," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2011-34, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    automobile; crise; dérégulation; États-Unis; finance; inégalités; régime de croissance; régulation; stratégie de profit; automobile; crisis; deregulation; finance; growth regime; inequalities; profit strategy; regulations; United States; crisis; desigualdades; desregulación; Estados Unidos; estrategia de ganancias; finanzas; régimen de crecimiento; regulación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D2 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations
    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
    • L62 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment
    • O4 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada
    • P1 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies

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