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La division du travail selon le genre est-elle efficiente ? Une analyse à partir de deux enquêtes Emploi du temps

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  • Catherine Sofer
  • Claire Thibout

Abstract

[fre] La participation des femmes au marché du travail a considérablement augmenté depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, se rapprochant de celle des hommes dans de nombreux pays. Néanmoins, elles consacrent partout davantage de temps que les hommes au travail domestique. Leur participation désormais massive au marché du travail ne semble donc pas s’accompagner d’une redéfinition des rôles de genre au sein de la famille. Pourquoi les hommes et les femmes effectuent‑ils des choix aussi conformes à la tradition ? Un calcul économique peut‑il rendre compte de cette situation ? Nous tentons de répondre à ces questions à partir des enquêtes Emploi du temps 1998‑1999 et 2010‑2011, en analysant le partage des tâches dans les couples bi‑actifs où la femme investit fortement sur le marché du travail. Nous utilisons à cet effet des indices d’investissement professionnel prenant pour référence soit les autres femmes, soit le conjoint. Nous montrons que les femmes tendent à exécuter sensiblement moins de travail domestique lorsqu’elles investissent plus sur le marché du travail. En revanche, le temps de travail domestique de leur conjoint ne réagit à la hausse que de façon faible et peu significative, sauf si leur femme a un statut social supérieur au leur. Dans ce dernier cas, ils augmentent sensiblement leur temps de travail domestique, ce que l’on ne constate pas si leur conjointe a seulement un niveau d’éducation ou un salaire mensuel supérieur au leur. Ces résultats impliquent, en particulier, que même si l’écart de temps domestique entre les conjoints est bien réduit par rapport à la moyenne dans les ménages où la femme investit fortement sur le marché du travail, on n’observe pas le renversement des rôles qu’impliquerait une répartition des tâches efficiente.

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  • Catherine Sofer & Claire Thibout, 2015. "La division du travail selon le genre est-elle efficiente ? Une analyse à partir de deux enquêtes Emploi du temps," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 478(1), pages 273-304.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2015_num_478_1_10565
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2015.10565
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2015.10565
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    Cited by:

    1. Donni, Olivier & Molina, José Alberto, 2018. "Household Collective Models: Three Decades of Theoretical Contributions and Empirical Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 11915, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    3. Fabrice Etilé & Marie Plessz, 2018. "Women’s employment and the decline of home cooking: Evidence from France, 1985–2010," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 939-970, December.
    4. Carole Bonnet & Bruno Jeandidier & Anne Solaz, 2018. "Wage Premium and Wage Penalty in Marriage versus Cohabitation," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 128(5), pages 745-775.

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