Les multiples facettes de la pauvreté dans un pays en développement. Le cas de la capitale malgache

(English) This study is based on a comparison of different approaches to poverty and puts a new light on its nature and scale. Such comparisons are rarely made in developing countries, but were possible due to the rich database available for the Madagascan capital. Alongside the traditional definition on income-based criteria, the study confronts different concepts of poverty: firstly, based on objective criteria (material living conditions, human capital, social exclusion), and secondly, on subjective assessments of households (overall impression, satisfaction of so-called “essential” needs, wealth), rarely taken into account in studies on poor countries. The article examines whether there is an easily identifiable hard core of poor people that must be reduced or whether, on the contrary, there are different forms of poverty that only partly cut across one another and which require specific policies. The different approaches have few results in common, hence highlighting the multifaceted nature of poverty. Each type of approach also finds different profiles to characterise the poor population groups. These results imply that poverty reduction strategies cannot be based on a single instrument, or cover a single domain, but must use a range of measures to address all the different aspects involved. _________________________________ (français) Différentes approches de la pauvreté ont pu être confrontées dans cette étude. Cette comparaison, rarement faite dans les PED, et rendue possible grâce à la disponibilité d’une base de données riche pour la capitale malgache, apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la nature et l’ampleur de la pauvreté. Parallèlement à la définition la plus classique basée sur le critère monétaire, différents concepts de la pauvreté ont été mis en regard. Ils reposent soit sur des critères objectifs (conditions matérielles d’existence, capital humain, exclusion sociale), soit sur l’appréciation subjective des ménages (perception générale, satisfaction (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)