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Les multiples facettes de la pauvreté dans un pays en développement. Le cas de la capitale malgache

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  • Mireille Razafindrakoto
  • François Roubaud

Abstract

(English) This study is based on a comparison of different approaches to poverty and puts a new light on its nature and scale. Such comparisons are rarely made in developing countries, but were possible due to the rich database available for the Madagascan capital. Alongside the traditional definition on income-based criteria, the study confronts different concepts of poverty: firstly, based on objective criteria (material living conditions, human capital, social exclusion), and secondly, on subjective assessments of households (overall impression, satisfaction of so-called “essential” needs, wealth), rarely taken into account in studies on poor countries. The article examines whether there is an easily identifiable hard core of poor people that must be reduced or whether, on the contrary, there are different forms of poverty that only partly cut across one another and which require specific policies. The different approaches have few results in common, hence highlighting the multifaceted nature of poverty. Each type of approach also finds different profiles to characterise the poor population groups. These results imply that poverty reduction strategies cannot be based on a single instrument, or cover a single domain, but must use a range of measures to address all the different aspects involved. _________________________________ (français) Différentes approches de la pauvreté ont pu être confrontées dans cette étude. Cette comparaison, rarement faite dans les PED, et rendue possible grâce à la disponibilité d’une base de données riche pour la capitale malgache, apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la nature et l’ampleur de la pauvreté. Parallèlement à la définition la plus classique basée sur le critère monétaire, différents concepts de la pauvreté ont été mis en regard. Ils reposent soit sur des critères objectifs (conditions matérielles d’existence, capital humain, exclusion sociale), soit sur l’appréciation subjective des ménages (perception générale, satisfaction
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  • Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2005. "Les multiples facettes de la pauvreté dans un pays en développement. Le cas de la capitale malgache," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 383(1), pages 131-155.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2005_num_383_1_7197
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2005.7197
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2005.7197
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    1. Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2005. "Les multiples facettes de la pauvreté dans un pays en développement. Le cas de la capitale malgache," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 383(1), pages 131-155.
    2. Ravallion, Martin & Lokshin, Michael, 1999. "Subjective economic welfare," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2106, The World Bank.
    3. van Praag, Bernard M S & Spit, Jan S & van de Stadt, Huib, 1982. "A Comparison between the Food Ratio Poverty Line and the Leyden Poverty Line," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 64(4), pages 691-694, November.
    4. François Gardes & Christian Loisy, 1998. "La pauvreté selon les ménages : une évaluation subjective et indexée sur leur revenu," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 308(1), pages 95-112.
    5. Pradhan, Menno & Ravallion, Martin, 1998. "Measuring poverty using qualitative perceptions of welfare," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2011, The World Bank.
    6. Stéfan Lollivier & Daniel Verger, 1999. "Pauvretés d'existence, monétaire et subjective. Facteurs de persistance et corrélations sur données de panel," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 50(3), pages 431-450.
    7. Sen, Amartya, 1983. "Poor, Relatively Speaking," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 35(2), pages 153-169, July.
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    1. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4394 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Javier Herrera & Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2007. "Governance, Democracy and Poverty Reduction: Lessons Drawn from Household Surveys in Sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 75(1), pages 70-95, April.
    3. Paul Ningaye & Yemedjeu Tiomela & Virginie Takoutio Feudjio, 2011. "Multi-Poverty in Cameroon: a Dimensional Scores Approach. Multi-pauvreté au Cameroun: Approche par les scores dimensionnels," Working Papers PMMA 2011-01, PEP-PMMA.
    4. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4745 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Mireille Razafindrakoto & François Roubaud, 2005. "Les multiples facettes de la pauvreté dans un pays en développement. Le cas de la capitale malgache," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 383(1), pages 131-155.
    6. Diagne, Oumar Diop & Faye, Ousmane & Faye, Salimata, 2005. "Le noyau dur de la pauvreté au Sénégal," Conference papers 331441, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    7. Paul Ningaye & Tiomela Alexi & Takoutio Virginie, 2013. "Multi-Poverty in Cameroon: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 113(1), pages 159-181, August.
    8. Sandrine Michel & Holimalala Randriamanampisoa, 2017. "The capability approach as a framework for assessing the role of microcredit in resource conversion: the case of rural households in the Madagascar highlands," Post-Print hal-01681797, HAL.

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