IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_2001_num_341_1_7472.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fiscalité et coût d'usage du capital : incidences sur l'investissement, l'activité et l'emploi

Author

Listed:
  • Bruno Crépon
  • Christian Gianella

Abstract

[fre] Une mesure du coût du capital sur données individuelles d’entreprises qui distingue le coût du financement par fonds propres du coût de financement par endettement montre que la dispersion du coût d’usage du capital est relativement élevée. Cette dispersion s’explique, d’une part, par la forte hétérogénéité des structures de financement et, d’autre part, par la variabilité du coût du financement par endettement. L’évolution de la dispersion du coût du capital est aussi liée aux modifications de la fiscalité qui affecte différemment le financement par fonds propres et celui par endettement. La construction d’un tel coût d’usage du capital individuel permet alors d’analyser les relations entre coûts et volumes des facteurs de production. Plus précisément, l’estimation d’un système de demande de travail, qui exploite les réformes de la fiscalité comme source de variation exogène du coût du capital, identifie les deux mécanismes à l’oeuvre lors d’une modification du coût des facteurs: un effet de substitution et un effet de profitabilité. L’effet de substitution, le plus souvent mis en avant lorsqu’il s’agit de modifier la fiscalité sur les facteurs de production, correspond à une réorganisation de la combinaison productive. Il détermine la part de chaque facteur dans la production. À ce premier effet s’ajoute l’incidence du coût des facteurs sur le coût de production unitaire, les prix et in fine sur la demande adressée à l’entreprise. Ce second effet l’emporte largement sur le premier. Une hausse du coût d’un facteur affecte ainsi négativement la demande de l’entreprise pour chaque facteur. En d’autres termes, à la suite d’une élévation du coût du capital, la production devient plus riche en emploi mais elle baisse suffisamment pour que l’effet net sur l’emploi soit négatif. Une baisse de la fiscalité du capital sur les entreprises aurait, en supposant le coût du travail inchangé, des effets favorables à la fois sur l’investissement, l’emploi et l’activité. [spa] Una medicion dei coste dei capital sobre unos datos individuales de empresas que distingue el coste de la financiacion por fondos propios dei coste de financiacion por endeudamiento, muestra que la dispersion dei coste de uso dei capital es bastante alta. Esta dispersion se explica por una parte por la fuerte heterogeneidad de las estructuras de financiacion y por otra parte por la variabilidad dei coste de financiacion por endeudamiento. La evolucion de la dispersion dei coste dei capital esta también relacionada con las modificaciones de la fiscalidad que afecta de manera diferente la financiacion por fondos propios y la financiacion por endeudamiento. La construccion de tal coste de uso dei capital individual permite entonces analizar las relaciones entre costes y volumenes de los factores de produccion. Mas precisamente, la estimacion de un sistema de demanda dei trabajo, que se vale de las reformas de la fiscalidad como de una fuente de variacion exogena dei coste dei capital, identifica los dos mecanismos que operan en una modificacion dei coste de los factores : un efecto de sustitucion y un efecto de capacidad de provecho. El efecto de sustitucion, en el que se hace énfasis cuando se trata de modificar la fiscalidad sobre los factores de produccion, corresponde a una reorganizacion de la combinacion productiva. Este determina la proporcion de cada factor dentro de la produccion. A esta se anade la incidencia dei coste de los factores sobre el coste de produccion unitaria, los precios y finalmente sobre la demanda dirigida a la empresa. Este segundo efecto prevalece sobre el primero. Un alza dei coste de un factor afecta de manera negativa la demanda de la empresa para cada factor. En otros términos, coma consecuencia de un alza dei coste dei capital, la produccion es mas rica en empleo pero va bajando lo suficiente como para que el efecto neto sobre el empleo sea negativo. Una baja de la fiscalidad dei capital sobre las empresas tendria, si se mantiene sin cambiar el coste dei trabajo, unos efectos favorables a la vez sobre la inversion, el empleo y la actividad. [eng] A measurement of the cost of capital based on individual corporate data and separating out the cost of self-financing from the cost of external financing finds a relatively broad distribution of the cost of using capital. This dispersion is explained partly by the high diversity of financing structures and partly by the variability of the cost of external financing. Changes in the distribution of the cost of capital are also associated with taxation changes, which affect self-financing and external financing differently. . The construction of this cost of using individual capital is used to analyse the relations between production factor costs and volumes. To be more precise, the estimation of a labour demand system using taxation reforms as a source of exogenous variation in the cost of capital identifies the two mechanisms at work when factor costs change: a substitution effect and a profitability effect. The substitution effect is more frequently put forward when taxes on production factors change. This effect reflects a reorganisation of the productive mix. It determines the share of each factor in production. In addition to this effect, there is the impact of factor costs on the unit production cost, prices and ultimately demand for the company's production. This second effect is much more important than the first. An increase in the cost of a factor negatively affects the company's demand for each factor. In other words, following a rise in the cost of capital, production becomes richer in jobs, but decreases enough for the net effect on employment to be negative. Assuming that the cost of labour remains unchanged, a drop in taxes on corporate capital would have favourable effects on investment, employment and business. [ger] Eine Messung der Kapitalkosten anhand individueller Unternehmensdaten, bei der zwischen den Kosten der Finanzierung mit Eigenmitteln und den Kosten der Finanzierung durch Verschuldung unterschieden wird, zeigt, dass die Kapitaleinsatzkosten eine relativ hohe Streuung aufweisen. Diese Streuung ist einerseits auf die starke Heterogenitat der Finanzierungsstrukturen und andererseits auf die Variabilität der Kosten der Finanzierung durch Verschuldung zurückzuführen. Die Entwicklung der Streuung der Kapitalkosten hangt mit den Anderungen der Besteuerung zusammen, die die Finanzierung mit Eigenmitteln und die Finanzierung durch Verschuldung in unterschiedlichem Masse belastet. Mit dieser Errechnung der Einsatzkosten des individuellen Kapitals lassen sich die Beziehungen zwischen den Kosten und den Volumina der Produktionsfaktoren anaIysieren. Die Schatzung eines Arbeitsnachfragesystems, bei der die Steuerreformen ais exogene Schwankungsursache der Kapitalkosten bewertet wird, zeigt zwei Mechanismen auf, die bei einer Anderung der Faktorkosten wirksam sind : ein Substitutionseffekt und Rentabilitätseffekt. Der Substitutionseffekt, der bei der Anderung der Besteuerung der Produktionsfaktoren am haufigsten angeführt wird, entspricht einer Neuorganisation der produktiven Kombination. Er bestimmt den Anteil eines jeden Faktors an der Produktion. Zu diesem ersten Effekt kommen noch die Auswirkungen der Faktorkosten auf die Produktionsstückkosten, die Preise und schliesslich auf die an die Unternehmen gerichtete Nachfrage hinzu. Dieser zweite Effekt hat weiterreichende Auswirkungen ais der erste. Somit hat der Anstieg der Kosten eines Faktors negative Folgen für die Nachfrage des Unternehmens nach jedem Faktor. Mit anderen Worten heisst dies : nach einer Zunahme der Kapitalkosten wird die Produktion beschaftigungswirksamer, nimmt aber ausreichend ab, damit der Nettoeffekt auf die Beschaftigung negativ ist. Eine Absenkung der Steuern auf das Unternehmenskapital würde sich - bei ansonsten unveranderten Arbeitskosten - zugleich auf die Investitionstätigkeit, die Beschaftigung und die Geschaftstatigkeit positiv auswirken.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno Crépon & Christian Gianella, 2001. "Fiscalité et coût d'usage du capital : incidences sur l'investissement, l'activité et l'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 341(1), pages 107-128.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2001_num_341_1_7472
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2001.7472
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2001.7472
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.2001.7472
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_2001_num_341_1_7472
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.2001.7472?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Auerbach, Alan J, 1983. "Taxation, Corporate Financial Policy and the Cost of Capital," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 21(3), pages 905-940, September.
    2. Cahuc, Pierre & Goux, Dominique & Gianella, Christian & Zylberberg, Andre, 2002. "Equalizing Wage Differences and Bargaining Power: Evidence from a Panel of French Firms," CEPR Discussion Papers 3510, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. John M. Abowd & Laurence Allain, 1996. "Compensation Structure and Product Market Competition," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 41-42, pages 207-217.
    4. repec:adr:anecst:y:1996:i:41-42:p:09 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Martin S. Feldstein, 1997. "The Costs and Benefits of Going from Low Inflation to Price Stability," NBER Chapters, in: Reducing Inflation: Motivation and Strategy, pages 123-166, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Hayashi, Fumio, 1982. "Tobin's Marginal q and Average q: A Neoclassical Interpretation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 213-224, January.
    7. Chirinko, Robert S. & Fazzari, Steven M. & Meyer, Andrew P., 1999. "How responsive is business capital formation to its user cost?: An exploration with micro data," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 53-80, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Christian Gianella & Sandrine Duchêne & Sébastien Doisy, 2004. "Un modèle d’appariement avec hétérogénéité du facteur travail : un nouvel outil d’évaluation des politiques économiques," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 162(1), pages 1-22.
    2. Christian Gianella, 2006. "Les trente-cinq heures : un réexamen des effets sur l'emploi," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 175(4), pages 163-178.
    3. Chatelain, Jean-Bernard & Tiomo, André, 2001. "Investment, the cost of capital, and monetary policy in the nineties in France: a panel data investigation," Working Paper Series 106, European Central Bank.
    4. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Jean-Christophe Teurlai, 2004. "The impact of the cost of capital and of the decision to invest or to divest on investment behaviour: an empirical investigation using a panel of French services firms," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2003 13, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
    5. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Andre Tiomo, 2003. "Monetary Policy and Corporate Investment in France," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00112523, HAL.
    6. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Andre Tiomo, 2002. "Investment and the Cost of Capital in the Nineties in France: A Panel Data Investigation," Post-Print halshs-00112540, HAL.
    7. Juan Carluccio & Clément Mazet-Sonilhac & Jean-Stéphane Mésonnier, 2019. "Investment and the WACC: new micro evidence for France," Working papers 710, Banque de France.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jean-Bernard Chatelain, 2003. "Structural modelling of financial constraints on investment: where do we stand?," Chapters, in: Paul Butzen & Catherine Fuss (ed.), Firms’ Investment and Finance Decisions, chapter 2, pages 40-58, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Simon Gilchrist & Fabio M. Natalucci & Egon Zakrajsek, 2007. "Investment and the Cost of Capital: New Evidence from the Corporate Bond Market," Boston University - Department of Economics - Working Papers Series WP2007-027, Boston University - Department of Economics.
    3. Eichfelder, Sebastian & Schneider, Kerstin, 2018. "How do tax incentives affect business investment? Evidence from German bonus depreciation," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 231, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    4. Serhan Cevik & Fedor Miryugin, 2018. "Does Taxation Stifle Corporate Investment? Firm‐Level Evidence from ASEAN Countries," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 51(3), pages 351-367, September.
    5. John S. Strong & John R. Meyer, 1990. "Sustaining Investment, Discretionary Investment, and Valuation: A Residual Funds Study of the Paper Industry," NBER Chapters, in: Asymmetric Information, Corporate Finance, and Investment, pages 127-148, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Jean-Bernard Chatelain, 2002. "Structural modelling of investment and financial constraints: Where do we stand?," Working Paper Research 28, National Bank of Belgium.
    7. Chatelain, Jean-Bernard & Generale, Andrea & Hernando, Ignacio & Vermeulen, Philip & Von Kalckreuth, Ulf, 2001. "Firm investment and monetary transmission in the euro area," Working Paper Series 112, European Central Bank.
    8. von Kalckreuth, Ulf & Hernando, Ignacio & Generale, Andrea & Chatelain, Jean Bernard & Vermeulen, Philip, 2001. "Firm Investment and Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro Area," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2001,20, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    9. Sebastian Eichfelder & Kerstin Schneider, 2014. "Tax Incentives and Business Investment: Evidence from German Bonus Depreciation," CESifo Working Paper Series 4805, CESifo.
    10. Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Andrea Generale & Ignacio Hernando & Philip Vermeulen & Ulf von Kalckreuth, 2003. "New Findings on Firm Investment and Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro Area," Post-Print halshs-00119490, HAL.
    11. Berson, Clémence & Ferrari, Nicolas, 2015. "Financial incentives and labour market duality," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 77-92.
    12. Ellen R. McGrattan & Edward C. Prescott, 2005. "Taxes, Regulations, and the Value of U.S. and U.K. Corporations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 72(3), pages 767-796.
    13. Boie-Wegener, Matti & Koch, Reinald & Oestreicher, Andreas & Schön, Lena, 2024. "Die fiskalische Wirkung von Steuersatzsenkungen, Abschreibungsvergünstigungen und Investitionsprämien in Krisenzeiten: Eine quantitative Analyse in Bezug auf deutsche Kapitalgesellschaften," ZEW Discussion Papers 24-008, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    14. Giorgia Maffini & Jing Xing & Michael P Devereux, 2016. "The impact of investment incentives: evidence from UK corporation tax returns," Working Papers 1601, Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation.
    15. Schaller, Huntley, 2006. "Econometric Issues in Estimating User Cost Elasticity," Economics Series 194, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    16. Etienne Campens, 2004. "A multiple matching model with endogenous participation : what's new about the supply-side policies?," Computing in Economics and Finance 2004 301, Society for Computational Economics.
    17. Chatelain, Jean-Bernard & Tiomo, André, 2001. "Investment, the cost of capital, and monetary policy in the nineties in France: a panel data investigation," Working Paper Series 106, European Central Bank.
    18. Julien Albertini & Xavier Fairise, 2009. "Optimal unemployment benefit financing scheme : A transatlantic comparison," Documents de recherche 09-01, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
    19. Eichfelder, Sebastian & Knaisch, Jonas & Schneider, Kerstin, 2023. "How does bonus depreciation affect real investment? Effect size, asset structure, and tax planning," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 278, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    20. Chirinko, Robert S., 2002. "Corporate Taxation, Capital Formation,and the Substitution Elasticity Between Labor and Capital," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 55(2), pages 339-355, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2001_num_341_1_7472. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.