Genéza teórie ekonomickej nerovnováhy a jej miesto v systéme makroekonomických teórií[Development of the theory of economic disequilibrium and its place in the system of macroeconomic theories]

D. Patinkin and R.W. Clower belong to the first criticists of the model IS-LM, and they have revealed its theoretical weaknesses. It was in the half of the sixties of the 20 century, i. e. at the time when there was nobody to make the effectiveness of the Keynes's policies dubious. These analyses have become a starting point of the theory of economic disequilibrium. It has reached its full development as late as in the seventies and eighties of the 20 century, especially in France. The research programme of the theory of economic disequilibrium is carried out by searching the microeconomic basic points of the Keynes macroeconomics. This proves, that although in the real economic life an economic subject tries to reach the optimum, he/she is forced to choose a solution which is not an optimum one. The fact that some economic subjects are subject to limitations has very important macroeconomic consequences, unemployment being one of them. The theory of economic disequilibrium brings some interesting facts into the analysis of recent unemployment. They are such facts as limitations, relative rigidity of wages, spill-over effect and finally reasoning the existence of unvoluntary unemployment. Due to these contributions it helped the creation of the new Keynes economy.