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Nursing Staff Presenteeism Scale: Development and psychometric test

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  • Shiao-Pei Hung
  • Jin-Lain Ming
  • Mei-Yu Chang
  • Chi Wang
  • Chii Jeng

Abstract

Background and objectives: Nurses tend to exhibit higher rates of presenteeism compared to other professions. Presenteeism can cause the work performance of nurses to suffer, jeopardizing their own and their patients’ safety and leading to decreased quality of care and increased risks of errors. However, there is a lack of a validated assessment tool for presenteeism in Taiwan. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a Nursing Staff Presenteeism Scale (NSPS). Methods: To develop questionnaire items, participants from three medical centers in Taiwan were recruited. Through convenience sampling, 500 nurses who met the selection criteria were recruited from November 1, 2022 to January 18, 2023. The scale was developed based on a systematic literature review, a previous study, and expert consultation, and 50 items were initially generated. After removing three items that lacked discriminative power, the reliability and validity of the remaining 47 items were evaluated. An exploratory factor analysis was used to establish the construct validity. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling for cross-validation were used to assess relationships of factors with items and the overall NSPS. Results: The final scale consisted of 44 items assessed on a five-point Likert scale that loaded onto three different factors of physical or mental discomfort (18 items), work performance (15 items), and predisposing factors (11 items). These three factors were found to explain 63.14% of the cumulative variance. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall final scale was 0.953. The item-to-total correlation coefficients ranged 0.443 to 0.795. Conclusions: The NSPS exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity. It can be applied to assess the level of presenteeism among clinical nurses and provide medical institutions with information regarding the causes of presenteeism, predisposing factors, and the impacts of presenteeism on their work performance to enhance the safety and quality of clinical care.

Suggested Citation

  • Shiao-Pei Hung & Jin-Lain Ming & Mei-Yu Chang & Chi Wang & Chii Jeng, 2024. "Nursing Staff Presenteeism Scale: Development and psychometric test," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(4), pages 1-17, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0301787
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301787
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sonu Goel & Federica Angeli & Neetu Singla & Dirk Ruwaard, 2016. "Development and Validation of the Motivations for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) Questionnaire in India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Carlos Laranjeira & Filipa Pereira & Ana Querido & Marion Bieri & Henk Verloo, 2022. "Contributing Factors of Presenteeism among Portuguese and Swiss Nurses: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
    4. Timothy R. Jordan & Jagdish Khubchandani & Michael Wiblishauser, 2016. "The Impact of Perceived Stress and Coping Adequacy on the Health of Nurses: A Pilot Investigation," Nursing Research and Practice, Hindawi, vol. 2016, pages 1-11, November.
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