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Statistical analysis considerations within longitudinal studies of physical qualities in youth athletes: A qualitative systematic methodological review

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  • Cameron Owen
  • Kevin Till
  • Josh Darrall-Jones
  • Ben Jones

Abstract

Background: The evaluation of physical qualities in talent identification and development systems is vital and commonplace in supporting youth athletes towards elite sport. However, the complex and dynamic development of physical qualities in addition to temporal challenges associated with the research design, such as unstructured data collection and missing data, requires appropriate statistical methods to be applied in research to optimise the understanding and knowledge of long-term physical development. Aim: To collate and evaluate the application of methodological and statistical methods used in studies investigating the development of physical qualities within youth athletes. Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched form the earliest record to June 2021 and reference lists were hand searched in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they tested physical qualities over a minimum of 3 timepoints, were observational in nature and used youth sporting populations. Results: Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. The statistical analysis methods applied were qualitatively assessed against the theoretical underpinnings (i.e. multidimensional development, non-linear change and between and within athlete change) and temporal challenges (i.e. time variant and invariant variables, missing data, treatment of time and repeated measures) encountered with longitudinal physical testing research. Multilevel models were implemented most frequently (50%) and the most appropriately used statistical analysis method when qualitatively compared against the longitudinal challenges. Independent groups ANOVA, MANOVA and X2 were also used, yet failed to address any of the challenges posed within longitudinal physical testing research. Conclusions: This methodological review identified the statistical methods currently employed within longitudinal physical testing research and addressed the theoretical and temporal challenges faced in longitudinal physical testing research with varying success. The findings can be used to support the selection of statistical methods when evaluating the development of youth athletes through the consideration of the challenges presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Cameron Owen & Kevin Till & Josh Darrall-Jones & Ben Jones, 2022. "Statistical analysis considerations within longitudinal studies of physical qualities in youth athletes: A qualitative systematic methodological review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(7), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0270336
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270336
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R. J. Pethybridge, 1973. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Polynomial Regression Function with Grouped Data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 22(2), pages 203-212, June.
    2. Kevin Till & Ben L Jones & Stephen Cobley & David Morley & John O'Hara & Chris Chapman & Carlton Cooke & Clive B Beggs, 2016. "Identifying Talent in Youth Sport: A Novel Methodology Using Higher-Dimensional Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Andrew Bell & Malcolm Fairbrother & Kelvyn Jones, 2019. "Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 1051-1074, March.
    4. Daniel Leyhr & Augustin Kelava & Johannes Raabe & Oliver Höner, 2018. "Longitudinal motor performance development in early adolescence and its relationship to adult success: An 8-year prospective study of highly talented soccer players," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, May.
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