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Socioeconomic status and ADL disability of the older adults: Cumulative health effects, social outcomes and impact mechanisms

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  • Huan Liu
  • Meng Wang

Abstract

Introduction: Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the important indicators affecting individual’s social participation and resource allocation, and it also plays an important role in the health shock of individuals. Faced by the trend of aging society, more and more nations across the world began to pay attention to prevent the risk of health shock of old adults. Methods: Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013, 2015 and 2018, this study uses path analysis and ologit model to empirically estimate the effects of SES and health shock on the activities of daily living (ADL) disability of old adults. Results: As a result, first, it was found that SES has significant impact on the disability of old adults. Specifically, economic conditions (income) plays dominant role. Economic status affects the risk of individual disability mainly through life security and health behavior. Secondly, SES significantly affecting health shock, with education and economic status showing remarkable impact, and there is an apparent group inequality. Furthermore, taking high education group as reference, the probability of good sight or hearing ability of the low education group was only 49.76% and 63.29% of the high education group, respectively, while the rates of no pain and severe illness were 155.50% and 54.69% of the high education group. At last, the estimation of path effect of SES on ADL disability indicates evident group inequality, with health shock plays critical mediating role. Conclusions: SES is an important factor influencing residents’ health shock, and health shocks like cerebral thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage will indirectly lead to the risk of individual ADL disability. Furthermore, among the multi-dimensional indicators of SES, individual income and education are predominant factors affecting health shock and ADL disability, while occupation of pre-retirement have little impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Huan Liu & Meng Wang, 2022. "Socioeconomic status and ADL disability of the older adults: Cumulative health effects, social outcomes and impact mechanisms," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0262808
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262808
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huan Liu, 2021. "Formal and Informal Care: Complementary or Substitutes in Care for Elderly People? Empirical Evidence From China," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, May.
    2. Sirven, Nicolas & Debrand, Thierry, 2012. "Social capital and health of older Europeans: Causal pathways and health inequalities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(7), pages 1288-1295.
    3. Martin Siegel & Andreas Mielck & Werner Maier, 2015. "Individual Income, Area Deprivation, and Health: Do Income‐Related Health Inequalities Vary by Small Area Deprivation?," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(11), pages 1523-1530, November.
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    1. Viktoria Szenkurök & Daniela Weber & Marcel Bilger, 2025. "Informal and formal long-term care utilization and unmet needs in Europe: examining socioeconomic disparities and the role of social policies for older adults," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 87-106, March.
    2. Huan Liu & Meng Wang & Tiantian Hu, 2024. "Air Pollution and Public Health: Study on the Effects and Transmission Mechanism in the Case of China," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(4), pages 21582440241, October.
    3. Connolly, Marie & Leroux, Marie-Louise & Konou, Akakpo Domefa, 2025. "Evaluating the relationship between income, survival and loss of autonomy among older Canadians," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).

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