IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0225989.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Why do football clubs fail financially? A financial distress prediction model for European professional football industry

Author

Listed:
  • David Alaminos
  • Manuel Ángel Fernández

Abstract

The study of financial distress has been the focus of financial research in recent decades and has led to the development of models for predicting financial distress that help assess the financial situation and the risks faced by companies. These models have focused exclusively on industrial and financial companies. However, a specific model that reflects the special characteristics of the football industry has not yet been created. Since recently the governing bodies of the football industry have increased the financial control of the clubs, as in the case of UEFA with the approval of the Financial Fair Play Regulation and demand a pronouncement on going concern in the annual financial statements of clubs as well as presenting a break-even deficit caused by losses, it seems necessary to have a model adapted to the characteristics of this industry. The present study provides a new model of prediction of financial distress for the football industry with an accuracy that exceeds 90%. It also offers a vision of the challenges facing the football industry in financial matters, helping the different interest groups to assess the financial solvency expectations of the clubs.

Suggested Citation

  • David Alaminos & Manuel Ángel Fernández, 2019. "Why do football clubs fail financially? A financial distress prediction model for European professional football industry," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0225989
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225989
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0225989
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0225989&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0225989?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xinzhong Bao & Qiuyan Tao & Hongyu Fu, 2015. "Dynamic financial distress prediction based on Kalman filtering," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 292-308, February.
    2. Helmut M. Dietl & Egon Franck, 2007. "Governance Failure and Financial Crisis in German Football," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 8(6), pages 662-669, December.
    3. Emilios Galariotis & Christophe Germain & Constantin Zopounidis, 2018. "A combined methodology for the concurrent evaluation of the business, financial and sports performance of football clubs: the case of France," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 266(1), pages 589-612, July.
    4. Wladimir Andreff, 2007. "French Football: A Financial Crisis Rooted in Weak Governance," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00270019, HAL.
    5. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy: A Discriminant Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(1), pages 193-194, March.
    6. Babatunde Buraimo & Rob Simmons & Stefan Szymanski, 2010. "English Football," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Football Economics and Policy, chapter 8, pages 162-181, Palgrave Macmillan.
    7. Wladimir Andreff, 2007. "French Football: A Financial Crisis Rooted in Weak Governance," Post-Print halshs-00270019, HAL.
    8. Alessandro Baroncelli & Umberto Lago, 2006. "Italian Football," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 7(1), pages 13-28, February.
    9. Bastien Drut & Gaël Raballand, 2012. "Why does financial regulation matter for European professional football clubs?," Post-Print hal-01410568, HAL.
    10. Kim, Soo Y. & Upneja, Arun, 2014. "Predicting restaurant financial distress using decision tree and AdaBoosted decision tree models," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 354-362.
    11. Bernd Frick & Joachim Prinz, 2006. "Crisis? What Crisis? Football in Germany," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 7(1), pages 60-75, February.
    12. Sami Ben Jabeur & Youssef Fahmi, 2018. "Forecasting financial distress for French firms: a comparative study," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 1173-1186, May.
    13. Geng, Ruibin & Bose, Indranil & Chen, Xi, 2015. "Prediction of financial distress: An empirical study of listed Chinese companies using data mining," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 241(1), pages 236-247.
    14. Beaver, Wh, 1966. "Financial Ratios As Predictors Of Failure," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4, pages 71-111.
    15. Guido Ascari & Philippe Gagnepain, 2007. "Evaluating Rent Dissipation in the Spanish Football Industry," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 8(5), pages 468-490, October.
    16. Wladimir Andreff, 2015. "Club governance and budget constraints in European and French football," Post-Print hal-01305710, HAL.
    17. Chi Xie & Changqing Luo & Xiang Yu, 2011. "Financial distress prediction based on SVM and MDA methods: the case of Chinese listed companies," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 671-686, April.
    18. Egon Franck & Markus Lang, 2014. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Money Injections on Risk Taking in Football Clubs," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 61(4), pages 430-454, September.
    19. repec:ces:ifodic:v:9:y:2011:i:3:p:54-59 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Harlan D. Platt & Marjorie B. Platt, 2008. "Financial Distress Comparison Across Three Global Regions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-34, December.
    21. Henning Vöpel, 2011. "Do We Really Need Financial Fair Play in European Club Football? An Economic Analysis," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 9(03), pages 54-59, October.
    22. Nicolas Scelles & Stefan Szymanski & Nadine Dermit-Richard, 2018. "Insolvency in French Soccer," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 19(5), pages 603-624, June.
    23. David Alaminos & Agustín del Castillo & Manuel Ángel Fernández, 2016. "A Global Model for Bankruptcy Prediction," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-18, November.
    24. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    25. Guido Ascari & Philippe Gagnepain, 2006. "Spanish Football," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 7(1), pages 76-89, February.
    26. Zmijewski, Me, 1984. "Methodological Issues Related To The Estimation Of Financial Distress Prediction Models," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22, pages 59-82.
    27. Markus Sass, 2016. "Glory Hunters, Sugar Daddies, and Long-Term Competitive Balance Under UEFA Financial Fair Play," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 17(2), pages 148-158, February.
    28. Stefan Szymanski, 2017. "Entry into exit: insolvency in English professional football," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 64(4), pages 419-444, September.
    29. Paul Madden, 2015. "Welfare Economics of “Financial Fair Play†in a Sports League With Benefactor Owners," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 16(2), pages 159-184, February.
    30. Stewart Jones & David Johnstone & Roy Wilson, 2017. "Predicting Corporate Bankruptcy: An Evaluation of Alternative Statistical Frameworks," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(1-2), pages 3-34, January.
    31. Wladimir Andreff, 2015. "Club governance and budget constraints in European and French football," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-01305710, HAL.
    32. Henning Vöpel, 2011. "Do We Really Need Financial Fair Play in European Club Football? An Economic Analysis," CESifo DICE Report, Ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 9(3), pages 54-60, October.
    33. Amani, Farzaneh A. & Fadlalla, Adam M., 2017. "Data mining applications in accounting: A review of the literature and organizing framework," International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 32-58.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alessio Faccia & Leonardo José Mataruna-Dos-Santos & Hussein Munoz Helù & Daniel Range, 2020. "Measuring and Monitoring Sustainability in Listed European Football Clubs: A Value-Added Reporting Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-13, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aurélien François & Nadine Dermit-Richard & Daniel Plumley & Robert Wilson, 2021. "Analyzing the effectiveness of UEFA's financial fair play regulations: A comparative study of the French Ligue 1 and the English Premier League [L'analyse du fair-play financier au prisme de son ef," Working Papers hal-03167685, HAL.
    2. Stefan Szymanski, 2017. "Entry into exit: insolvency in English professional football," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 64(4), pages 419-444, September.
    3. Fernández-Gámez, Manuel Ángel & Soria, Juan Antonio Campos & Santos, José António C. & Alaminos, David, 2020. "European country heterogeneity in financial distress prediction: An empirical analysis with macroeconomic and regulatory factors," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 398-407.
    4. Soo Young Kim, 2018. "Predicting hospitality financial distress with ensemble models: the case of US hotels, restaurants, and amusement and recreation," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 12(3), pages 483-503, September.
    5. Stewart Jones, 2017. "Corporate bankruptcy prediction: a high dimensional analysis," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 1366-1422, September.
    6. Misankova Maria & Zvarikova Katarina & Kliestikova Jana, 2017. "Bankruptcy Practice in Countries of Visegrad Four," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 14(1), pages 108-118, June.
    7. Marc Rohde & Christoph Breuer, 2018. "Competing by investments or efficiency? Exploring financial and sporting efficiency of club ownership structures in European football," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(5), pages 563-581, December.
    8. Jie Sun & Mengjie Zhou & Wenguo Ai & Hui Li, 2019. "Dynamic prediction of relative financial distress based on imbalanced data stream: from the view of one industry," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 215-242, December.
    9. Katarina Valaskova & Tomas Kliestik & Lucia Svabova & Peter Adamko, 2018. "Financial Risk Measurement and Prediction Modelling for Sustainable Development of Business Entities Using Regression Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-15, June.
    10. Ben Jabeur, Sami & Serret, Vanessa, 2023. "Bankruptcy prediction using fuzzy convolutional neural networks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    11. Alberto Tron & Maurizio Dallocchio & Salvatore Ferri & Federico Colantoni, 2023. "Corporate governance and financial distress: lessons learned from an unconventional approach," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(2), pages 425-456, June.
    12. Li, Chunyu & Lou, Chenxin & Luo, Dan & Xing, Kai, 2021. "Chinese corporate distress prediction using LASSO: The role of earnings management," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    13. Serrano-Cinca, Carlos & Gutiérrez-Nieto, Begoña & Bernate-Valbuena, Martha, 2019. "The use of accounting anomalies indicators to predict business failure," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 353-375.
    14. David Procházka, 2012. "Financial Conditions and Transparency of the Czech Professional Football Clubs," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2012(4), pages 504-521.
    15. Wladimir Andreff, 2014. "Building Blocks for a Disequilibrium Model of a European Team Sports League," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00971782, HAL.
    16. Mohammad Mahdi Mousavi & Jamal Ouenniche & Kaoru Tone, 2023. "A dynamic performance evaluation of distress prediction models," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 756-784, July.
    17. Lenka Papíková & Mário Papík, 2022. "Effects of classification, feature selection, and resampling methods on bankruptcy prediction of small and medium‐sized enterprises," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(4), pages 254-281, October.
    18. Sumaira Ashraf & Elisabete G. S. Félix & Zélia Serrasqueiro, 2019. "Do Traditional Financial Distress Prediction Models Predict the Early Warning Signs of Financial Distress?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, April.
    19. Nicolas Scelles & Stefan Szymanski & Nadine Dermit-Richard, 2018. "Insolvency in French Soccer," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 19(5), pages 603-624, June.
    20. Wladimir Andreff, 2014. "Building Blocks for a Disequilibrium Model of a European Team Sports League," Post-Print halshs-00971782, HAL.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0225989. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.