IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0198094.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The added value of implicit motives for management research Development and first validation of a Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) for the measurement of implicit motives

Author

Listed:
  • Hendrik Slabbinck
  • Arjen van Witteloostuijn
  • Julie Hermans
  • Johanna Vanderstraeten
  • Marcus Dejardin
  • Jacqueline Brassey
  • Dendi Ramdani

Abstract

Many Management (sub-)disciplines, from Organizational Behavior and Marketing to Accounting and Strategy, are interested in antecedents and consequences of individual attitudes and traits. A key aspect of personality profiles are explicit and implicit motives. Yet, Management scholars mainly focus on explicit motives, with limited attention to implicit motives. We argue that this state of affairs probably came into being because current Management researchers mainly rely on implicit motive measures that are either difficult to apply or to develop, hampering researchers from applying implicit motive measures. To overcome the downsides of available instruments, we develop a Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) as an efficient, reliable and valid measure of implicit motives, particularly the needs for achievement, affiliation and power. To explore our BIAT’s predictive validity, we apply this measure to a specific research domain within Management: Entrepreneurship. We examine implicit motives’ association with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, business founding, and financial profitability. Our results show that the introduction of implicit motives can unlock stranded discussions in this research domain. Overall, we argue that implicit motives can help to push the boundaries of the study of deep-level attributes in a wide range of organizational and managerial settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Hendrik Slabbinck & Arjen van Witteloostuijn & Julie Hermans & Johanna Vanderstraeten & Marcus Dejardin & Jacqueline Brassey & Dendi Ramdani, 2018. "The added value of implicit motives for management research Development and first validation of a Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) for the measurement of implicit motives," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-29, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0198094
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198094
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198094
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198094&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0198094?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brian A Nosek & Yoav Bar-Anan & N Sriram & Jordan Axt & Anthony G Greenwald, 2014. "Understanding and Using the Brief Implicit Association Test: Recommended Scoring Procedures," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-31, December.
    2. Eric Luis Uhlmann & Keith Leavitt & Jochen I. Menges & Michael Howe & Russell E. Johnson & Joel Koopman, 2012. "Getting Explicit About the Implicit: A Taxonomy of Implicit Measures and Guide for Their Use in Organizational Research," Post-Print hal-00743353, HAL.
    3. Jill Kickul & Lisa K. Gundry & Saulo D. Barbosa & Laney Whitcanack, 2009. "Intuition versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models of Cognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self–Efficacy and the New Venture Creation Process," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(2), pages 439-453, March.
    4. Michael H. Morris & Donald F. Kuratko & Minet Schindehutte & April J. Spivack, 2012. "Framing the Entrepreneurial Experience," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(1), pages 11-40, January.
    5. John Antonakis & Samuel Bendahan & Philippe Jacquart & Rafael Lalive, 2010. "On making causal claims : A review and recommendations," Post-Print hal-02313119, HAL.
    6. Jill Kickul & Lisa Gundry & Saulo Dubard Barbosa & Laney Whitcanack, 2009. "Intuition Versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models of Cognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and the New Venture Creation Process," Post-Print hal-02311817, HAL.
    7. KruegerJR, Norris F. & Reilly, Michael D. & Carsrud, Alan L., 2000. "Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 15(5-6), pages 411-432.
    8. Eric Luis Uhlmann & Anthony Greenwald & Andrew Poehlmann & Mahzarin Banaji, 2009. "Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-Analysis of Predictive Validity," Post-Print hal-00516146, HAL.
    9. Sea-Jin Chang & Arjen van Witteloostuijn & Lorraine Eden, 2010. "From the Editors: Common method variance in international business research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(2), pages 178-184, February.
    10. Simon Parker & David Storey & Arjen Witteloostuijn, 2010. "What happens to gazelles? The importance of dynamic management strategy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 203-226, September.
    11. Palmer Johnson & Leo Fay, 1950. "The Johnson-Neyman technique, its theory and application," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 15(4), pages 349-367, December.
    12. H. Slabbinck & J. De Houwer & P. Van Kenhove, 2011. "A Pictorial Attitude IAT as a Measure of Implicit Motives," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 11/704, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    13. Chen, Chao C. & Greene, Patricia Gene & Crick, Ann, 1998. "Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 295-316, July.
    14. Sebastian Schuh & Alina Hernandez Bark & Niels Van Quaquebeke & Rüdiger Hossiep & Philip Frieg & Rolf Dick, 2014. "Gender Differences in Leadership Role Occupancy: The Mediating Role of Power Motivation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 120(3), pages 363-379, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Arjen van Witteloostuijn & Nele Cannaerts & Wim Coreynen & Zainab Noor el Hejazi & Joeri van Hugten & Ellen Loots & Hendrik Slabbinck & Johanna Vanderstraeten, 2020. "Co-Creative Action Research Experiments—A Careful Method for Causal Inference and Societal Impact," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-28, September.
    2. Johanna Vanderstraeten & Ellen Loots & Anais Hamelin & Arjen van Witteloostuijn, 2020. "Micro-foundations of small business internationalization: introduction to the Special Section," Post-Print hal-03015594, HAL.
    3. Radityo Putro Handrito & Hendrik Slabbinck & Johanna Vanderstraeten, 2021. "Being pro‐environmentally oriented SMEs: Understanding the entrepreneur's explicit and implicit power motives," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(5), pages 2241-2254, July.
    4. Weißmüller, Kristina Sabrina, 2022. "Implicit Dimensions of Moral Licensing in Citizen-State Interactions," OSF Preprints a8uwd, Center for Open Science.
    5. Coreynen, Wim & Vanderstraeten, Johanna & van Witteloostuijn, Arjen & Cannaerts, Nele & Loots, Ellen & Slabbinck, Hendrik, 2020. "What drives product-service integration? An abductive study of decision-makers’ motives and value strategies," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 189-200.
    6. Radityo Putro Handrito & Hendrik Slabbinck & Johanna Vanderstraeten, 2023. "Stuck in short-term, daily operations, or not?: Unraveling SME’s long-term orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1723-1745, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Arjen van Witteloostuijn & Marcus Dejardin & Julie Hermans & Dendi Ramdani, & Johanna Vanderstraeten & Jacqueline Brassey & Hendrik Slabbinck, 2015. "Fitting entrepreneurial, firm-level and environmental contingencies for better performance," Post-Print halshs-01379907, HAL.
    2. Bacq, Sophie & Alt, Elisa, 2018. "Feeling capable and valued: A prosocial perspective on the link between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 333-350.
    3. Hsu, Dan K. & Burmeister-Lamp, Katrin & Simmons, Sharon A. & Foo, Maw-Der & Hong, Michelle C. & Pipes, Jesse D., 2019. "“I know I can, but I don't fit”: Perceived fit, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 311-326.
    4. Shirokova, Galina & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Bogatyreva, Karina, 2016. "Exploring the intention–behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 386-399.
    5. Ifeanyi Benedict Ohanu & Theresa Chinyere Ogbuanya, 2018. "Determinant factors of entrepreneurship intentions of electronic technology education students in Nigerian universities," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Nowiński, Witold & Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine, 2019. "The role of inspiring role models in enhancing entrepreneurial intention," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 183-193.
    7. Lutz Sommer, 2010. "Internationalization processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises—a matter of attitude?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 288-317, September.
    8. Carlos Bazan & Hannah Gaultois & Arifusalam Shaikh & Katie Gillespie & Sean Frederick & Ali Amjad & Simon Yap & Chantel Finn & James Rayner & Nafisa Belal, 2020. "A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-28, December.
    9. Daniel R Clark & Dan Li & Dean A Shepherd, 2018. "Country familiarity in the initial stage of foreign market selection," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(4), pages 442-472, May.
    10. Rajib Roy & Fatima Akhtar & Niladri Das, 2017. "Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 1013-1041, December.
    11. Colin Donaldson & Francisco Liñán & Joaquin Alegre, 2021. "Entrepreneurial Intentions: Moving the Field Forwards," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 30(1), pages 30-55, March.
    12. Maresch, Daniela & Harms, Rainer & Kailer, Norbert & Wimmer-Wurm, Birgit, 2016. "The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 172-179.
    13. Dheer, Ratan J.S. & Castrogiovanni, Gary J., 2023. "Cognitive adaptability’s impact on entrepreneurial intent: The mediating roles of entrepreneurial passion and efficacy," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    14. Virginia Fernández-Pérez & Ana Montes-Merino & Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza & Patricia Esther Alonso Galicia, 2019. "Emotional competencies and cognitive antecedents in shaping student’s entrepreneurial intention: the moderating role of entrepreneurship education," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 281-305, March.
    15. Carlos Poblete & Vesna Mandakovic, 2021. "Innovative outcomes from migrant entrepreneurship: a matter of whether you think you can, or think you can’t," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 571-592, June.
    16. B. Urban & J. Chantson, 2019. "Academic entrepreneurship in South Africa: testing for entrepreneurial intentions," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 948-980, June.
    17. Xiaohua Su & Shengmei Liu & Shujun Zhang & Lingling Liu, 2020. "To Be Happy: A Case Study of Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Process from the Perspective of Positive Psychology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-27, January.
    18. Davide Hahn & Tommaso Minola & Giulio Bosio & Lucio Cassia, 2020. "The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 257-282, June.
    19. Zhao, Mengli & Sheng, Shibin & Yang, Xiangyu, 2023. "Are government employees more or less likely to venture? Evidence from China," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    20. Kollmann, Tobias & Stöckmann, Christoph & Kensbock, Julia M., 2017. "Fear of failure as a mediator of the relationship between obstacles and nascent entrepreneurial activity—An experimental approach," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 280-301.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0198094. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.