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Global nutrition 1990–2015: A shrinking hungry, and expanding fat world

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  • Wen Peng
  • Elliot M Berry

Abstract

Objectives: Following its publication in 2008, the Global Nutritional Index (GNI) which captures the triple burden of malnutrition, has been updated to assess the overall nutritional status and nutritional trends of countries, regions and the world, including both under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Methods: The GNI was modeled on the Human Development Index, using geometric means of three normalized indicators: protein-energy malnutrition (PEM, measured by Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from PEM), micronutrient deficiency (MID, measured by DALYs from MID), and penalizing obesity (percent female obesity). GNI (range 0–1) was calculated from 1990–2015 for 186 countries, in seven World Bank income and WHO region groupings. Results: World GNI increased from 0.433 to 0.473 as decreased deficits overcompensated for the rise in obesity. GNI for African low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) (median 0.301 to 0.392) and South-East Asian LMIC (0.456 to 0.564) improved significantly (P

Suggested Citation

  • Wen Peng & Elliot M Berry, 2018. "Global nutrition 1990–2015: A shrinking hungry, and expanding fat world," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(3), pages 1-9, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0194821
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194821
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julie Gould, 2017. "Nutrition: A world of insecurity," Nature, Nature, vol. 544(7651), pages 6-7, April.
    2. Miller, By Dennis D. & Welch, Ross M., 2013. "Food system strategies for preventing micronutrient malnutrition," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 115-128.
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