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Is Social Capital a Determinant of Oral Health among Older Adults? Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

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  • Patrick Rouxel
  • Georgios Tsakos
  • Panayotes Demakakos
  • Paola Zaninotto
  • Tarani Chandola
  • Richard Geddie Watt

Abstract

There are a number of studies linking social capital to oral health among older adults, although the evidence base mainly relies on cross-sectional study designs. The possibility of reverse causality is seldom discussed, even though oral health problems could potentially lead to lower social participation. Furthermore, few studies clearly distinguish between the effects of different dimensions of social capital on oral health. The objective of the study was to examine the longitudinal associations between individual social capital and oral health among older adults. We analyzed longitudinal data from the 3rd and 5th waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Structural social capital was operationalized using measures of social participation, and volunteering. Number of close ties and perceived emotional support comprised the functional dimension of social capital. Oral health measures were having no natural teeth (edentate vs. dentate), self-rated oral health and oral health-related quality of life. Time-lag and autoregressive models were used to explore the longitudinal associations between social capital and oral health. We imputed all missing data, using multivariate imputation by chained equations. We found evidence of bi-directional longitudinal associations between self-rated oral health, volunteering and functional social capital. Functional social capital was a strong predictor of change in oral health-related quality of life – the adjusted odds ratio of reporting poor oral health-related quality of life was 1.75 (1.33–2.30) for older adults with low vs. high social support. However in the reverse direction, poor oral health-related quality of life was not associated with changes in social capital. This suggests that oral health may not be a determinant of social capital. In conclusion, social capital may be a determinant of subjective oral health among older adults rather than edentulousness, despite many cross-sectional studies on the latter.

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  • Patrick Rouxel & Georgios Tsakos & Panayotes Demakakos & Paola Zaninotto & Tarani Chandola & Richard Geddie Watt, 2015. "Is Social Capital a Determinant of Oral Health among Older Adults? Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0125557
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125557
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. André Hajek & Hans-Helmut König & Benedikt Kretzler & Larissa Zwar & Berit Lieske & Udo Seedorf & Carolin Walther & Ghazal Aarabi, 2022. "Does Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Differ by Income Group? Findings from a Nationally Representative Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-8, August.
    3. Stefano Cianetti & Chiara Valenti & Massimiliano Orso & Giuseppe Lomurno & Michele Nardone & Anna Palma Lomurno & Stefano Pagano & Guido Lombardo, 2021. "Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Dawid Gondek & Ke Ning & George B Ploubidis & Bilal Nasim & Alissa Goodman, 2018. "The impact of health on economic and social outcomes in the United Kingdom: A scoping literature review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Koyama, Shihoko & Saito, Masashige & Cable, Noriko & Ikeda, Takaaki & Tsuji, Taishi & Noguchi, Taiji & Abbas, Hazem & Miyashiro, Isao & Osaka, Ken & Kondo, Katsunori & Watt, Richard G. & Aida, Jun, 2021. "Examining the associations between oral health and social isolation: A cross-national comparative study between Japan and England," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).

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