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Factors Affecting New Firm Success and Their Use in Venture Capital Financing

Author

Listed:
  • Timothy Bates

    (New School for Social Research, New York)

  • William D. Bradford

    (University of Maryland)

Abstract

Using a nationwide sample of 14,424 new firms, we find that attractive human capital traits at business entry for entrepreneurs include high educational attainment, owners who lie in the middle of—as opposed to the tails of—the age distribution, and family business background. Attractive firm traits are purchase of an existing firm rather than starting a firm de novo, and larger amounts of starting capital. Recent research has found that certain ethnic minorities are differentially restricted from obtaining commercial bank financing. Our statistical tests indicate that when we control for differences in human capital and firm traits, the venture capital market also differentially restricts minority entrepreneurs from obtaining venture capital. Thus public policy seeking to reduce the resulting financing gap for minority entrepreneurs may have economic justification. Except for the ethnic trait, the venture capital market’s use of owner and firm information is consistent with selecting those firms which have more survival potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford, 1992. "Factors Affecting New Firm Success and Their Use in Venture Capital Financing," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 2(1), pages 23-38, Fall.
    • Handle: RePEc:pep:journl:v:2:y:1992:i:1:p:23-38
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Macmillan, Ian C. & Zemann, Lauriann & Subbanarasimha, P. N., 1987. "Criteria distinguishing successful from unsuccessful ventures in the venture screening process," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 2(2), pages 123-137.
    2. Bates, Timothy, 1990. "Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(4), pages 551-559, November.
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    4. Bruno, Albert V. & Tyebjee, Tyzoon T., 1985. "The entrepreneur's search for capital," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 61-74.
    5. Schultz, Theodore W, 1980. " Investment in Entrepreneurial Ability," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 82(4), pages 437-448.
    6. Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1987. "The Causes and Consequences of the Dependence of Quality on Price," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 25(1), pages 1-48, March.
    7. Maier, John II & Walker, David A., 1987. "The role of venture capital in financing small business," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 207-214.
    8. Holmes, Thomas J & Schmitz, James A, Jr, 1990. "A Theory of Entrepreneurship and Its Application to the Study of Business Transfers," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(2), pages 265-294, April.
    9. Robert E. Lucas Jr., 1978. "On the Size Distribution of Business Firms," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 9(2), pages 508-523, Autumn.
    10. Altman, Edward I. & Haldeman, Robert G. & Narayanan, P., 1977. "ZETATM analysis A new model to identify bankruptcy risk of corporations," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 29-54, June.
    11. Stuart, Robert & Abetti, Pier A., 1987. "Start-up ventures: Towards the prediction of initial success," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 215-230.
    12. Reynolds, Paul D., 1987. "New firms: Societal contribution versus survival potential," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 231-246.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2004. "Analysis of venture-capital funds that finance minority-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 32(1), pages 37-46, September.
    2. Timothy Bates & William Bradford & Julia Sass Rubin, 2006. "The Viability of the Minority-Oriented Venture-Capital Industry Under Alternative Financing Arrangements," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 20(2), pages 178-191, May.
    3. David Neumark & Harry Holzer, 2000. "Assessing Affirmative Action," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 38(3), pages 483-568, September.
    4. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford, 2008. "Venture-Capital Investment in Minority Business," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(2-3), pages 489-504, March.
    5. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2009. "The impact of institutional sources of capital upon the minority-oriented venture capital industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 485-496, December.
    6. William D. Bradford, 2003. "The Savings and Credit Management of Low-Income, Low-Wealth Black and White Families," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 17(1), pages 53-74, February.
    7. Timothy Bates & William E. Jackson III & James H. Johnson Jr., 2007. "Advancing Research on Minority Entrepreneurship," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 10-17, September.
    8. Lucy Reuben & Pamela Queen, 2015. "Capital Constraints and Industry Mix Implications for African-American Business Success," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 42(4), pages 355-378, December.
    9. Bates, Timothy, 1997. "Financing small business creation: The case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 109-124, March.
    10. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    New Firm ; Success ; Venture Capital;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups

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