IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/palcom/v8y2021i1d10.1057_s41599-021-00892-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Mapping out-of-school adolescents and youths in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Listed:
  • V. A. Alegana

    (Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Research Programme
    University of Southampton)

  • C. Pezzulo

    (University of Southampton)

  • A. J. Tatem

    (University of Southampton)

  • B. Omar

    (Tanzania Data Lab (dLab))

  • A. Christensen

    (Plan International (PlanBørnefonden))

Abstract

Education is a human right and a driver of development, but, is still not accessible for a vast number of adolescents and school-age-youths. Out-of-school adolescents and youth rates (SDG 4.3.1) in lower and middle-income countries have been at a virtual halt for almost a decade. Thus, there is an increasing need to understand geographic variation on accessibility and school attendance to aid in reducing inequalities in education. Here, the aim was to estimate physical accessibility and secondary school non-attendance amongst adolescents and school-age youths in Tanzania, Cambodia, and the Dominican Republic. Community cluster survey data were triangulated with the spatial location of secondary schools, non-proprietary geospatial data and fine-scale population maps to estimate accessibility to all levels of secondary school education and the number of out-of-school. School attendance rates for the three countries were derived from nationally representative household survey data, and a Bayesian model-based geostatistical framework was used to estimate school attendance at high resolution. Results show a sub-national variation in accessibility and secondary school attendance rates for the three countries considered. Attendance was associated with distance to the nearest school (R2 > 70%). These findings suggest increasing the number of secondary schools could reduce the long-distance commuted to school in low-income and middle-income countries. Future work could extend these findings to fine-scale optimisation models for school location, intervention planning, and understanding barriers associated with secondary school non-attendance at the household level.

Suggested Citation

  • V. A. Alegana & C. Pezzulo & A. J. Tatem & B. Omar & A. Christensen, 2021. "Mapping out-of-school adolescents and youths in low- and middle-income countries," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:8:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-021-00892-w
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-021-00892-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41599-021-00892-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41599-021-00892-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tanser, Frank & Gijsbertsen, Brice & Herbst, Kobus, 2006. "Modelling and understanding primary health care accessibility and utilization in rural South Africa: An exploration using a geographical information system," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 691-705, August.
    2. Huisman, Janine & Smits, Jeroen, 2009. "Effects of Household- and District-Level Factors on Primary School Enrollment in 30 Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 179-193, January.
    3. Keiko Inoue & Emanuela di Gropello & Yesim Sayin Taylor & James Gresham, 2015. "Out-of-School Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Policy Perspective," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 21554, December.
    4. Claudia Czado & Tilmann Gneiting & Leonhard Held, 2009. "Predictive Model Assessment for Count Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 65(4), pages 1254-1261, December.
    5. N. A. Wardrop & W. C. Jochem & T. J. Bird & H. R. Chamberlain & D. Clarke & D. Kerr & L. Bengtsson & S. Juran & V. Seaman & A. J. Tatem, 2018. "Spatially disaggregated population estimates in the absence of national population and housing census data," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 115(14), pages 3529-3537, April.
    6. Geir-Arne Fuglstad & Daniel Simpson & Finn Lindgren & Håvard Rue, 2019. "Constructing Priors that Penalize the Complexity of Gaussian Random Fields," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 114(525), pages 445-452, January.
    7. Joseph Friedman & Hunter York & Nicholas Graetz & Lauren Woyczynski & Joanna Whisnant & Simon I. Hay & Emmanuela Gakidou, 2020. "Measuring and forecasting progress towards the education-related SDG targets," Nature, Nature, vol. 580(7805), pages 636-639, April.
    8. Håvard Rue & Sara Martino & Nicolas Chopin, 2009. "Approximate Bayesian inference for latent Gaussian models by using integrated nested Laplace approximations," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 71(2), pages 319-392, April.
    9. David J. Spiegelhalter & Nicola G. Best & Bradley P. Carlin & Angelika Van Der Linde, 2002. "Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 64(4), pages 583-639, October.
    10. Martins, Thiago G. & Simpson, Daniel & Lindgren, Finn & Rue, Håvard, 2013. "Bayesian computing with INLA: New features," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 68-83.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mayer Alvo & Jingrui Mu, 2023. "COVID-19 Data Analysis Using Bayesian Models and Nonparametric Geostatistical Models," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. David Jiménez-Hernández & Víctor González-Calatayud & Ana Torres-Soto & Asunción Martínez Mayoral & Javier Morales, 2020. "Digital Competence of Future Secondary School Teachers: Differences According to Gender, Age, and Branch of Knowledge," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Jonathan Wakefield & Taylor Okonek & Jon Pedersen, 2020. "Small Area Estimation for Disease Prevalence Mapping," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 88(2), pages 398-418, August.
    4. Luca Grassetti & Laura Rizzi, 2019. "The determinants of individual health care expenditures in the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia: evidence from a hierarchical spatial model estimation," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 987-1009, March.
    5. Ferreira, Marco A.R. & Porter, Erica M. & Franck, Christopher T., 2021. "Fast and scalable computations for Gaussian hierarchical models with intrinsic conditional autoregressive spatial random effects," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    6. John M. Humphreys, 2022. "Amplification in Time and Dilution in Space: Partitioning Spatiotemporal Processes to Assess the Role of Avian-Host Phylodiversity in Shaping Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Distribution," Geographies, MDPI, vol. 2(3), pages 1-16, July.
    7. Yuheng Ling, 2020. "Time, space and hedonic prediction accuracy: evidence from Corsican apartment markets," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 64(2), pages 367-388, April.
    8. Chiranjit Dutta & Nalini Ravishanker & Sumanta Basu, 2022. "Modeling Multivariate Positive-Valued Time Series Using R-INLA," Papers 2206.05374, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
    9. Ropo E. Ogunsakin & Themba G. Ginindza, 2022. "Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Diabetes and Hypertension: Results from the South Africa General Household Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-17, July.
    10. Carson, Stuart & Mills Flemming, Joanna, 2014. "Seal encounters at sea: A contemporary spatial approach using R-INLA," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 291(C), pages 175-181.
    11. Jorge Sicacha-Parada & Diego Pavon-Jordan & Ingelin Steinsland & Roel May & Bård Stokke & Ingar Jostein Øien, 2022. "A Spatial Modeling Framework for Monitoring Surveys with Different Sampling Protocols with a Case Study for Bird Abundance in Mid-Scandinavia," Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Springer;The International Biometric Society;American Statistical Association, vol. 27(3), pages 562-591, September.
    12. G. Vicente & T. Goicoa & P. Fernandez‐Rasines & M. D. Ugarte, 2020. "Crime against women in India: unveiling spatial patterns and temporal trends of dowry deaths in the districts of Uttar Pradesh," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 183(2), pages 655-679, February.
    13. Wang, Craig & Furrer, Reinhard, 2021. "Combining heterogeneous spatial datasets with process-based spatial fusion models: A unifying framework," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    14. Nikoline N. Knudsen & Jörg Schullehner & Birgitte Hansen & Lisbeth F. Jørgensen & Søren M. Kristiansen & Denitza D. Voutchkova & Thomas A. Gerds & Per K. Andersen & Kristine Bihrmann & Morten Grønbæk , 2017. "Lithium in Drinking Water and Incidence of Suicide: A Nationwide Individual-Level Cohort Study with 22 Years of Follow-Up," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, June.
    15. Scott, Ryan P. & Scott, Tyler A., 2019. "Investing in collaboration for safety: Assessing grants to states for oil and gas distribution pipeline safety program enhancement," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 332-345.
    16. Cho, Daegon & Hwang, Youngdeok & Park, Jongwon, 2018. "More buzz, more vibes: Impact of social media on concert distribution," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 103-113.
    17. Brown, Paul T. & Joshi, Chaitanya & Joe, Stephen & Rue, Håvard, 2021. "A novel method of marginalisation using low discrepancy sequences for integrated nested Laplace approximations," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    18. Andre Python & Andreas Bender & Marta Blangiardo & Janine B. Illian & Ying Lin & Baoli Liu & Tim C.D. Lucas & Siwei Tan & Yingying Wen & Davit Svanidze & Jianwei Yin, 2022. "A downscaling approach to compare COVID‐19 count data from databases aggregated at different spatial scales," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 185(1), pages 202-218, January.
    19. Massimo Bilancia & Giacomo Demarinis, 2014. "Bayesian scanning of spatial disease rates with integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA)," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 23(1), pages 71-94, March.
    20. Douglas R. M. Azevedo & Marcos O. Prates & Dipankar Bandyopadhyay, 2021. "MSPOCK: Alleviating Spatial Confounding in Multivariate Disease Mapping Models," Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Springer;The International Biometric Society;American Statistical Association, vol. 26(3), pages 464-491, September.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:8:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-021-00892-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.nature.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.