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Macroeconomic Factors and International Shipping Stock Returns

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  • Costas TH Grammenos
  • Angelos G Arkoulis

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present evidence, for the first time, about the relationships of global macroeconomic sources of risk with shipping stock returns internationally, for the period 1989:12–1998:3. For this purpose, a sample of 36 shipping companies (listed in 10 stock exchanges worldwide) is used in the study. The return on the world equity market portfolio and innovations in the following prespecified set of global macro variables are employed in the analysis: (a) industrial production; (b) inflation; (c) oil prices; (d) fluctuations in exchange rates against the US dollar; and (e) laid up tonnage. Several significant relationships are established between returns of international shipping stocks and global risk factors. Oil prices and laid up tonnage are found to be negatively related to shipping stocks, whereas the exchange rate variable displays a positive relationship. In addition, it is found that, in general, the macroeconomic factors exhibit a consistent pattern in the way in which they are linked to the shipping industry, across countries.International Journal of Maritime Economics (2002) 4, 81–99 doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ijme.9100033

Suggested Citation

  • Costas TH Grammenos & Angelos G Arkoulis, 2002. "Macroeconomic Factors and International Shipping Stock Returns," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 4(1), pages 81-99, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:marecl:v:4:y:2002:i:1:p:81-99
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    Cited by:

    1. Lin, Arthur J. & Chang, Hai Yen & Hsiao, Jung Lieh, 2019. "Does the Baltic Dry Index drive volatility spillovers in the commodities, currency, or stock markets?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 265-283.
    2. Zhang, Xin & Podobnik, Boris & Kenett, Dror Y. & Eugene Stanley, H., 2014. "Systemic risk and causality dynamics of the world international shipping market," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 415(C), pages 43-53.
    3. Satta, Giovanni & Notteboom, Theo & Parola, Francesco & Persico, Luca, 2017. "Determinants of the long-term performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the port industry," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 135-153.
    4. Grace W.Y. Wang & Su-Han Woo & Joan Mileski, 2014. "The relative efficiency and financial risk assessment of shipping companies," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(7), pages 651-666, December.
    5. Hyo-Won Kang & Grace W Y Wang & Hee-Seok Bang & Su-Han Woo, 2016. "Economic performance and corporate financial management of shipping firms," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 18(3), pages 317-330, September.
    6. Panayides, Photis M. & Lambertides, Neophytos & Cullinane, Kevin, 2013. "Liquidity risk premium and asset pricing in US water transportation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 3-15.
    7. Cullinane, Kevin, 2004. "1. Editorial: Key Themes In Shipping Economics Research," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, January.
    8. Yonatan Berman & Eshel Ben-Jacob & Xin Zhang & Yoash Shapira, 2016. "Analyzing the Long Term Cohesive Effect of Sector Specific Driving Forces," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-16, March.
    9. Arthur J. Lin & Hai-Yen Chang & Brian Hung, 2022. "Identifying Key Financial, Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG), Bond, and COVID-19 Factors Affecting Global Shipping Companies—A Hybrid Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-29, April.
    10. Sunil K. Mohanty & Roar Aadland & Sjur Westgaard & Stein Frydenberg & Hilde Lillienskiold & Cecilie Kristensen, 2021. "Modelling Stock Returns and Risk Management in the Shipping Industry," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-25, April.
    11. Maitra, Debasish & Chandra, Saurabh & Dash, Saumya Ranjan, 2020. "Liner shipping industry and oil price volatility: Dynamic connectedness and portfolio diversification," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    12. Giamouzi, Maria & Nomikos, Nikos K, 2021. "Identifying shipowners’ risk attitudes over gains and losses: Evidence from the dry bulk freight market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    13. Syriopoulos, Theodore C., 2007. "Chapter 6 Financing Greek Shipping: Modern Instruments, Methods and Markets," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 171-219, January.
    14. Nektarios A. Michail & Konstantinos D. Melas, 2019. "A cointegrating stock trading strategy: application to listed tanker shipping companies," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 4(1), pages 1-10, December.
    15. Antonis PANTAZIS & Theodoros PELAGIDIS, 2017. "Financial Indicators Affecting Stock Performance The Case Of Capital Product Partners," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 211-221, December.
    16. Abdou, Hussein A. & Pointon, John & El-Masry, Ahmed & Olugbode, Moji & Lister, Roger J., 2012. "A variable impact neural network analysis of dividend policies and share prices of transportation and related companies," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 796-813.
    17. Wolfgang Drobetz & Dirk Schilling & Lars Tegtmeier, 2010. "Common risk factors in the returns of shipping stocks," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(2), pages 93-120, March.

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