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¿Existe una brecha cambiaria en el Perú?

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  • Graciela Moguillansky

Abstract

Perú, al igual que otros países de América Latina, ha venido experimentando en los últimos años una fuerte entrada de capitales externos que, por un lado, ha permitido acelerar el ritmo de crecimiento económico, pero, por otro, ha obligado a implementar una cuidadosa política monetaria y cambiarla para impedir la desestabilización de la economía. En este contexto, el mantenimiento de un tipo de cambio real alto ha sido difícil y los sectores exportadores, así como algunas ramas de la industria nacional, se sienten perjudicados por su caída. La pregunta que se intenta responder en el presente trabajo es si, efectivamente, el tipo de cambio real está desequilibrado o si su evolución responde a factores ya sean externos o internos de largo plazo, que lo obligan a permanecer en un nivel más bajo que el alcanzado en la década de 1980. Para ello, se procedió a estimar un vector de cointegración, mediante la metodología de Johansen y Juselius (1990), obteniéndose la brecha entre el valor observado y el de equilibrio. Dicha estimación registra una sobrevaluación importante de la moneda nacional en los últimos cuatro años. Este comportamiento puede explicarse por el fuerte influjo de capitales de corto plazo, cuya magnitud dificultó el mantenimiento de un tipo de cambio real alto.

Suggested Citation

  • Graciela Moguillansky, 1996. "¿Existe una brecha cambiaria en el Perú?," Apuntes. Revista de ciencias sociales, Fondo Editorial, Universidad del Pacífico, vol. 23(38), pages 41-71.
  • Handle: RePEc:pai:apunup:es-38-05
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    References listed on IDEAS

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