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Liquidity Constraints and the Substitutability between Private and Government Consumption: The Role of Military and Non-military Spending

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  • Evans, Paul
  • Karras, Georgios

Abstract

Using data from sixty-six economies, the authors examine (1) the substitutability between private consumption and military and nonmilitary government spending and (2) the severity of liquidity constraints. Although the estimated substitutability parameters are fragile, private consumption and nonmilitary government spending are shown to be generally substitutes, whereas private consumption and military spending are better described as complements. The fraction of income that accrues to liquidity constrained households is typically positive and the severity of liquidity constraints, which is robust and precisely estimated, is shown to be negatively related to saving rates and positively related to the variability of transitory income. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Evans, Paul & Karras, Georgios, 1998. "Liquidity Constraints and the Substitutability between Private and Government Consumption: The Role of Military and Non-military Spending," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(2), pages 203-214, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ecinqu:v:36:y:1998:i:2:p:203-14
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    Cited by:

    1. Emilio Colombo & Davide Furceri & Pietro Pizzuto & Patrizio Tirelli, 2022. "Fiscal Multipliers and Informality," IMF Working Papers 2022/082, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Gisle James Natvik, 2009. "Government Spending and the Taylor Principle," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 41(1), pages 57-77, February.
    3. Pozzi, Lorenzo, 2006. "Ricardian equivalence under imperfect information," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(10-11), pages 2009-2026, November.
    4. Tomas Havranek & Anna Sokolova, 2016. "Do Consumers Really Follow a Rule of Thumb? Three Thousand Estimates from 130 Studies Say "Probably Not"," Working Papers 2016/08, Czech National Bank.
    5. Ercolani, Valerio & Valle e Azevedo, João, 2019. "How Can The Government Spending Multiplier Be Small At The Zero Lower Bound?," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(8), pages 3457-3482, December.
    6. Griet Malengier & Lorenzo Pozzi, 2005. "Examining Ricardian Equivalence by estimating and bootstrapping a nonlinear dynamic panel model," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2005 61, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
    7. Rüdiger Bachmann & Jinhui H. Bai, 2013. "Public consumption over the business cycle," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 4(3), pages 417-451, November.
    8. L. Pozzi & F. Heylen & M. Dossche, 2002. "Government debt and the excess sensitivity of private consumption to current income: an empirical analysis for OECD countries," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 02/155, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    9. ANORUO, Emmanuel & AKPOM, Uchenna, 2016. "Military Spending-Household Consumption Nexus: A Heterogeneous Panel Data Approach - La relazione tra spesa militare e consumi delle fam iglie: un approccio panel data," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 69(3), pages 175-192.
    10. Nadav Ben Zeev & Evi Pappa, 2017. "Chronicle of a War Foretold: The Macroeconomic Effects of Anticipated Defence Spending Shocks," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 127(603), pages 1568-1597, August.
    11. Woon Gyu Choi & Michael B. Devereux, 2006. "Asymmetric Effects of Government Spending: Does the Level of Real Interest Rates Matter?," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 53(si), pages 1-8.
    12. Juan David Prada Sarmiento & Luis Eduardo Rojas Dueñas, 2009. "La elasticidad de Frisch y la transmisión de la política monetaria en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 5404, Banco de la Republica.
    13. Jingxin Hu & Tao Li & Guanghe Ran, 2021. "Infrastructure investment and marginal spending behaviour of households," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 35(2), pages 3-17, November.
    14. Gerdie Everaert & Lorenzo Pozzi & Ruben Schoonackers, 2017. "On the Stability of the Excess Sensitivity of Aggregate Consumption Growth in the USA," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(4), pages 819-840, June.
    15. G. Everaert & L. Pozzi & -, 2010. "The Stickiness of Aggregate Consumption Growth in OECD Countries: A Panel Data Analysis," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 10/654, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    16. Lorenzo Pozzi & Griet Malengier, 2007. "Certainty Equivalence and the Excess Sensitivity of Private Consumption," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 39(7), pages 1839-1848, October.
    17. Tomas Havranek & Anna Sokolova, 2020. "Do Consumers Really Follow a Rule of Thumb? Three Thousand Estimates from 144 Studies Say 'Probably Not'," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 35, pages 97-122, January.
    18. Juan David Prada Sarmiento & Luis Eduardo Rojas Dueñas, 2009. "La elasticidad de Frisch y la transmisión de la política monetaria en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 555, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    19. Pedro Gomes, 2009. "Labour market effects of public sector employment and wages," 2009 Meeting Papers 313, Society for Economic Dynamics.

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