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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • William Marciel Souza

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Lewis Fletcher Buss

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Darlan da Silva Candido

    (Universidade de São Paulo
    University of Oxford)

  • Jean-Paul Carrera

    (University of Oxford
    Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies)

  • Sabrina Li

    (University of Oxford)

  • Alexander E. Zarebski

    (University of Oxford)

  • Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira

    (Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA))

  • Carlos A. Prete

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Andreza Aruska Souza-Santos

    (University of Oxford)

  • Kris V. Parag

    (Imperial College London)

  • Maria Carolina T. D. Belotti

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez

    (University of Groningen)

  • Janey Messina

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Flavia Cristina Silva Sales

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Pamela dos Santos Andrade

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Vítor Heloiz Nascimento

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Fabio Ghilardi

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Leandro Abade

    (University of Oxford)

  • Bernardo Gutierrez

    (University of Oxford
    Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ))

  • Moritz U. G. Kraemer

    (University of Oxford
    Harvard University
    Boston Children’s Hospital)

  • Carlos K. V. Braga

    (Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA))

  • Renato Santana Aguiar

    (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais)

  • Neal Alexander

    (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Philippe Mayaud

    (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Oliver J. Brady

    (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)

  • Izabel Marcilio

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Nelson Gouveia

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Guangdi Li

    (Central South University)

  • Adriana Tami

    (University of Groningen)

  • Silvano Barbosa Oliveira

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Fabiana Ganem

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira Almeida

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Eduardo Marques Macário

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Wanderson Kleber Oliveira

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health)

  • Mauricio L. Nogueira

    (Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto)

  • Oliver G. Pybus

    (University of Oxford)

  • Chieh-Hsi Wu

    (University of Southampton)

  • Julio Croda

    (Brazilian Ministry of Health
    Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
    Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
    Yale University)

  • Ester C. Sabino

    (Universidade de São Paulo)

  • Nuno Rodrigues Faria

    (Universidade de São Paulo
    University of Oxford
    Imperial College London)

Abstract

The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases, including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R0 value for Brazil was estimated at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4–5.5), with a higher median but overlapping credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission.

Suggested Citation

  • William Marciel Souza & Lewis Fletcher Buss & Darlan da Silva Candido & Jean-Paul Carrera & Sabrina Li & Alexander E. Zarebski & Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira & Carlos A. Prete & Andreza Aruska Souza, 2020. "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 4(8), pages 856-865, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nathum:v:4:y:2020:i:8:d:10.1038_s41562-020-0928-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sandra A Asner & Michelle E Science & Dat Tran & Marek Smieja & Arnaud Merglen & Dominik Mertz, 2014. "Clinical Disease Severity of Respiratory Viral Co-Infection versus Single Viral Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Julian Besag & Jeremy York & Annie Mollié, 1991. "Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 43(1), pages 1-20, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Bazzo Vieira, João Pedro & Vieira Braga, Carlos Kauê & Pereira, Rafael H.M., 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on air passenger demand and CO2 emissions in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    2. Bo Huang & Jionghua Wang & Jixuan Cai & Shiqi Yao & Paul Kay Sheung Chan & Tony Hong-wing Tam & Ying-Yi Hong & Corrine W. Ruktanonchai & Alessandra Carioli & Jessica R. Floyd & Nick W. Ruktanonchai & , 2021. "Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions to prevent future COVID-19 waves in Chinese cities," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(6), pages 695-705, June.
    3. Pereira, Rafael H.M. & Braga, Carlos Kauê Vieira & Servo, Luciana Mendes & Serra, Bernardo & Amaral, Pedro & Gouveia, Nelson & Paez, Antonio, 2021. "Geographic access to COVID-19 healthcare in Brazil using a balanced float catchment area approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    4. Bruce, Raphael & Cavgias, Alexsandros & Meloni, Luis & Remígio, Mário, 2022. "Under pressure: Women’s leadership during the COVID-19 crisis," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    5. Van Niekerk, Janet & Krainski, Elias & Rustand, Denis & Rue, Håvard, 2023. "A new avenue for Bayesian inference with INLA," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    6. Chen, Kexin & Pun, Chi Seng & Wong, Hoi Ying, 2023. "Efficient social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Integrating economic and public health considerations," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 304(1), pages 84-98.

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