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Graywater Reuse: The Effects on Income and Agricultural Production Sustainability of Family Farming Systems in the Semiarid Region of Ceará, Brazil

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  • Maria Josiell Nascimento da Silva
  • Ahmad Saeed Khan
  • Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales Lima

Abstract

The semi-arid region of Ceará is a Brazilian area that is exposed to long and frequent periods of drought. Water scarcity is a threat to the population’s well-being and agricultural activities. We evaluated the effects of graywater reuse for agriculture on income and sustainability of agricultural production in the municipality of Iguatu, located in the semiarid region of the state of Ceará. It is an important research because it deals with a strategy that aims to reduce farmers’ vulnerability to the lack of water. There are no studies that assess the impacts of water reuse in the region. The propensity score matching technique was applied, and primary data were obtained by interviewing beneficiaries (treated group) and non-beneficiaries (control group). The results showed that the program has effects on sustainable agricultural production of small farmers because of the use of non-aggressive agricultural practices. In the group of beneficiaries, the income is 21.9% higher than of that in the group of non-beneficiaries. In addition, families that adopt water reuse have 26.8% higher levels of sustainability than those that do not adopt this strategy of living with drought.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Josiell Nascimento da Silva & Ahmad Saeed Khan & Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales Lima, 2021. "Graywater Reuse: The Effects on Income and Agricultural Production Sustainability of Family Farming Systems in the Semiarid Region of Ceará, Brazil," Journal of Agricultural Studies, Macrothink Institute, vol. 9(1), pages 44-64, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:mth:jas888:v:9:y:2021:i:1:p:44-64
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Jose Marengo & Mauro Bernasconi, 2015. "Regional differences in aridity/drought conditions over Northeast Brazil: present state and future projections," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 129(1), pages 103-115, March.
    4. Cunha, Dênis Antônio da & Coelho, Alexandre Bragança & Féres, José Gustavo & Braga, Marcelo Jose & Souza, Elvanio Costa de, 2013. "Irrigação como Estratégia de Adaptação de Pequenos Agricultores às Mudanças Climáticas: aspectos econômicos," Brazilian Journal of Rural Economy and Sociology (Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural-RESR), Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural, vol. 51(2), pages 1-18, June.
    5. Damasceno, Nagilane Parente & Khan, Ahmad Saeed & Lima, Patricia Veronica Pinheiro Sales, 2011. "O Impacto do Pronaf sobre a Sustentabilidade da Agricultura Familiar, Geração de Emprego e Renda no Estado do Ceará," Brazilian Journal of Rural Economy and Sociology (Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural-RESR), Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural, vol. 49(1), pages 1-28, March.
    6. Egbuikwem, Precious N. & Mierzwa, Jose C. & Saroj, Devendra P., 2020. "Assessment of suspended growth biological process for treatment and reuse of mixed wastewater for irrigation of edible crops under hydroponic conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
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    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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