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Támogatási nagyüzem - az egyedi kormánydöntések példája
[Large-scale subsidizing - the example of case-by-case government decisions]

Author

Listed:
  • Voszka, Éva

  • Végh, Marcell Zoltán

  • London, András

Abstract

A beruházásösztönzés évek óta az iparpolitika alapvető eleme világszerte. A közelmúltban más területeken is erősödött az állam szerepvállalása és a támogatási verseny, amiből Magyarország sem marad ki. A szakirodalom eddig elsősorban az uniós források felhasználását és a kisvállalatok támogatását vizsgálta. Ez a cikk a hazai költségvetési forrásokon alapuló, nagyberuházásokat támogató egyedi kormánydöntéseket veszi szemügyre 2004-től napjainkig. Az elemzés szerint erős a koncentráció: a támogatás jelentős részét külföldi (főként német) beruházások, a kormány stratégiai partnerei és a járműipar vállalatai kapták. Ezek a nemcsak Magyarországra jellemző vonások növelik a gazdaság sebezhetőségét, amihez az elmúlt két évtizedben minden kormányzat hozzájárult. Legújabban a külföldi befektetések és az akkumulátoriparral kiegészített autógyártás kormányzati felértékelése növeli a kockázatot. A vállalati mérlegek adatain alapuló számításaink nem igazolják, de nem is cáfolják az állami ráfordítások nemzetgazdasági megtérülését, a cégekre gyakorolt hatás pedig csak a beruházások időleges növelésében érzékelhető. A kutatás során felmerült módszertani dilemmák és eredményeink korlátozottsága is arra hívja fel a figyelmet, hogy a kutatói közösségnek fontos feladata a támogatások hatásvizsgálatának továbbfejlesztése.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: H71, L52, L62.

Suggested Citation

  • Voszka, Éva & Végh, Marcell Zoltán & London, András, 2023. "Támogatási nagyüzem - az egyedi kormánydöntések példája [Large-scale subsidizing - the example of case-by-case government decisions]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(12), pages 1297-1337.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:2155
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2023.12.1297
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Blomström, Magnus & Kokko, Ari, 2003. "The Economics of Foreign Direct Investment Incentives," EIJS Working Paper Series 168, Stockholm School of Economics, The European Institute of Japanese Studies.
    2. Réka Juhász & Nathan Lane & Dani Rodrik, 2024. "The New Economics of Industrial Policy," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 16(1), pages 213-242, August.
    3. Banai, Ádám & Lang, Péter & Nagy, Gábor & Stancsics, Martin, 2017. "A gazdaságfejlesztési célú EU-támogatások hatásvizsgálata a magyar kkv-szektorra [The effects of EU economic-development subsidies on micro, small and medium-sized firms in Hungary]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 997-1029.
    4. Rodrik, Dani, 2004. "Industrial Policy for the Twenty-First Century," CEPR Discussion Papers 4767, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Antalóczy, Katalin & Sass, Magdolna, 2000. "Működőtőke-áramlások, befektetői motivációk és befektetésösztönzés a világgazdaságban és Magyarországon [Flows of operating capital, investor motives and investment incentives in the world economy ," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 473-496.
    6. Andrew Schrank & Josh Whitford, 2009. "Industrial Policy in the United States: A Neo-Polanyian Interpretation," Politics & Society, , vol. 37(4), pages 521-553, December.
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    1. Győrffy, Dóra, 2025. "Állam és gazdasági felzárkózás Kelet-Közép-Európában 2004 és 2023 között [The state and economic convergence in Central and Eastern Europe between 2004 and 2023]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 117-140.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
    • L62 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment

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