IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/rqfnac/v62y2024i1d10.1007_s11156-023-01200-0.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

PIPEs, firm investment, and viability

Author

Listed:
  • Mark D. Walker

    (North Carolina State University)

  • Qingqing Wu

    (Xavier University)

Abstract

Using 2342 PIPEs, we investigate the intended use of funds and its relation to firm characteristics and issue outcomes. We find that a slight majority of issues are for investment purposes with the rest being for purposes related to enhancing firm viability. The offer discounts to the private investors and the market’s reaction to the announcement are more related to investment quality for the invest firms and to recovery value for the viability firms. Through an examination of follow-on financing activities, we find broad evidence that PIPEs play an important function and not simply as a stopgap source of finance.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark D. Walker & Qingqing Wu, 2024. "PIPEs, firm investment, and viability," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 171-194, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:62:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s11156-023-01200-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s11156-023-01200-0
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11156-023-01200-0
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11156-023-01200-0?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mark D. Walker & Qingqing Wu, 2019. "Equity issues when in distress," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 25(3), pages 489-519, June.
    2. Myers, Stewart C. & Majluf, Nicholas S., 1984. "Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 187-221, June.
    3. Stewart C. Myers & Nicholas S. Majluf, 1984. "Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have InformationThat Investors Do Not Have," NBER Working Papers 1396, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Loughran, Tim & Ritter, Jay R, 1995. "The New Issues Puzzle," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(1), pages 23-51, March.
    5. Susan Chaplinsky, 2010. "Financing under Extreme Risk: Contract Terms and Returns to Private Investments in Public Equity," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(7), pages 2789-2820, July.
    6. Hsuan‐Chi Chen & Jay R. Ritter, 2000. "The Seven Percent Solution," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1105-1131, June.
    7. De-Wai Chou & Michael Gombola & Feng-Ying Liu, 2010. "Earnings management and long-run stock performance following private equity placements," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 225-245, February.
    8. Lim, Jongha & Schwert, Michael & Weisbach, Michael S., 2021. "The economics of PIPEs," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    9. Dutordoir, Marie & Strong, Norman C. & Sun, Ping, 2018. "Corporate social responsibility and seasoned equity offerings," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 158-179.
    10. Shane A. Corwin, 2003. "The Determinants of Underpricing for Seasoned Equity Offers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(5), pages 2249-2279, October.
    11. Barclay, Michael J. & Fu, Fangjian & Smith, Clifford W., 2021. "Seasoned equity offerings and corporate financial management," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    12. Peter Iliev & Michelle Lowry, 2020. "Venturing beyond the IPO: Financing of Newly Public Firms by Venture Capitalists," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(3), pages 1527-1577, June.
    13. Paul P. Momtaz, 2023. "The economics of PIPEs, revisited," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 59-83, January.
    14. Katherine Gunny & Troy Pollard, 2023. "The role of earnings management via real activities and accrual management in PIPEs," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 481-500, August.
    15. Mola, Simona & Loughran, Tim, 2004. "Discounting and Clustering in Seasoned Equity Offering Prices," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(1), pages 1-23, March.
    16. Walker, Mark D. & Yost, Keven, 2008. "Seasoned equity offerings: What firms say, do, and how the market reacts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 376-386, September.
    17. Gomes, Armando & Phillips, Gordon, 2012. "Why do public firms issue private and public securities?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 619-658.
    18. Denis, David J., 1994. "Investment Opportunities and the Market Reaction to Equity Offerings," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 29(2), pages 159-177, June.
    19. Kim, Woojin & Weisbach, Michael S., 2008. "Motivations for public equity offers: An international perspective," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 281-307, February.
    20. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    21. Oh, Seungjoon & Park, Heungju & Zhang, Chi, 2019. "The choice between PIPE and SEO in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    22. David J. Brophy & Paige P. Ouimet & Clemens Sialm, 2009. "Hedge Funds as Investors of Last Resort?," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(2), pages 541-574, February.
    23. YiLin Wu & Lee Cheng-Few, 2008. "Specification analysis of corporate equity financing decision: a conditional residual approach," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 395-423, November.
    24. Chen, Hsuan-Chi & Dai, Na & Schatzberg, John D., 2010. "The choice of equity selling mechanisms: PIPEs versus SEOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 104-119, February.
    25. Hertzel, Michael G & Smith, Richard L, 1993. "Market Discounts and Shareholder Gains for Placing Equity Privately," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(2), pages 459-485, June.
    26. Barclay, Michael J. & Holderness, Clifford G. & Sheehan, Dennis P., 2007. "Private placements and managerial entrenchment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 461-484, September.
    27. Wruck, Karen Hopper, 1989. "Equity ownership concentration and firm value : Evidence from private equity financings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 3-28, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Seth Armitage & Dionysia Dionysiou & Angelica Gonzalez, 2014. "Are the Discounts in Seasoned Equity Offers Due to Inelastic Demand?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5-6), pages 743-772, June.
    2. Andriosopoulos, Dimitris & Panetsidou, Styliani, 2021. "A global analysis of Private Investments in Public Equity," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    3. Huang, Yong & Uchida, Konari & Yu, Xuanying & Zha, Daolin, 2021. "Market timing in private equity placements: Empirical evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Dahiya, Sandeep & Klapper, Leora & Parthasarathy, Harini & Singer, Dorothe, 2017. "Equity raising by Asian firms: Choosing between PIPEs and SEOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 64-83.
    5. Floros, Ioannis V. & Sapp, Travis R.A., 2012. "Why do firms issue private equity repeatedly? On the motives and information content of multiple PIPE offerings," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3469-3481.
    6. Paul P. Momtaz, 2023. "The economics of PIPEs, revisited," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 59-83, January.
    7. Jia, Gang & Li, Wanli & Zhang, He, 2019. "Impact of entrenched ultimate owners’ self-dealing on SEO methods choice and discounts of private placements––Evidence from listed companies in China," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 404-422.
    8. Lee, Chin-Chong & Poon, Wai-Ching & Sinnakkannu, Jothee, 2014. "Why are rights offers in Hong Kong so different?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 176-197.
    9. Chen, An-Sing & Cheng, Lee-Young & Cheng, Kuang-Fu & Chih, Shu-Wei, 2010. "Earnings management, market discounts and the performance of private equity placements," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1922-1932, August.
    10. Dahiya, Sandeep & Klapper, Leora & Parthasarathy, Harini & Singer, Dorothe, 2013. "The role of private equity investments in public firms : international evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6484, The World Bank.
    11. John, Kose & Mateti, Ravi S. & Vasudevan, Gopala & Amira, Khaled, 2016. "Investor protection and firm value: Evidence from PIPE offerings," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 78-89.
    12. He Xiao & Jianqun Xi, 2021. "The impact of COVID‐19 on seasoned equity offering: Evidence from China," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(4), pages 539-572, October.
    13. Park, James L., 2015. "Equity returns of distressed equity issuers," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 14(C), pages 93-103.
    14. Yao, Zhihua, 2021. "The choice of equity financing: Floating-priced warrants versus SEOs," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    15. Elizabeth Maynes & J. Ari Pandes, 2011. "The Wealth Effects of Reducing Private Placement Resale Restrictions," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 17(3), pages 500-531, June.
    16. Anjali Tuli, 2016. "Firms’ Choice of Seasoned Equity Issuance Method—Taking Private or Non-private Route," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 17(2), pages 400-410, April.
    17. Chen, Hsuan-Chi & Dai, Na & Schatzberg, John D., 2010. "The choice of equity selling mechanisms: PIPEs versus SEOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 104-119, February.
    18. Dong, Gang Nathan & Gu, Ming & He, Hua, 2020. "Invisible hand and helping hand: Private placement of public equity in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    19. Kim, Ju Hyun & Song, Kyojik, 2020. "The choice of SEO method in Korea: Rights vs. public offers," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    20. Dai, Na, 2011. "Monitoring via staging: Evidence from Private investments in public equity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 3417-3431.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Private investment in public equity (PIPE); Private equity; Firm investment; Firm viability; Follow-on financing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:rqfnac:v:62:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1007_s11156-023-01200-0. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.