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The Economics of PIPEs

Author

Listed:
  • Lim, Jongha

    (California State University, Fullerton)

  • Schwert, Michael

    (Ohio State University)

  • Weisbech, Michael S.

    (Ohio State University)

Abstract

PIPEs are an important source of finance for small public corporations. We investigate the trading behavior and return performance of PIPE investors. PIPE returns decline with holding periods, while time to exit depends on the issue’s registration status and underlying liquidity. Under plausible assumptions, the average PIPE investor holds the stock for 384 days and earns an abnormal return of 21.2%. More constrained firms tend to issue PIPEs to hedge funds and private equity funds in offerings that have higher expected returns and higher volatility. PIPE investors’ abnormal returns appear to reflect compensation for providing capital to financially constrained firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Lim, Jongha & Schwert, Michael & Weisbech, Michael S., 2017. "The Economics of PIPEs," Working Paper Series 2017-22, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecl:ohidic:2017-22
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Paul P. Momtaz, 2023. "The economics of PIPEs, revisited," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 59-83, January.
    2. Barg, Johannes A. & Drobetz, Wolfgang & Momtaz, Paul P., 2021. "Valuing start-up firms: A reverse-engineering approach for fair-value multiples from venture capital transactions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    3. Dong, Gang Nathan & Gu, Ming & He, Hua, 2020. "Invisible hand and helping hand: Private placement of public equity in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    4. Dewi Ratih S.E. & M.S.M., 2023. "What Information Implied in the Equity Offering Mechanism with Market Timing Considerations?," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(1), pages 17-32.
    5. Denis, David J. & McKeon, Stephen B., 2021. "Persistent negative cash flows, staged financing, and the stockpiling of cash balances," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 293-313.
    6. Shan Ge, 2022. "How Do Financial Constraints Affect Product Pricing? Evidence from Weather and Life Insurance Premiums," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(1), pages 449-503, February.
    7. Onur Bayar & Yini Liu & Juan Mao, 2023. "Shareholder litigation and short selling ahead of private equity placements," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(4), pages 833-858, November.
    8. Ioannis V. Floros & Konduru Sivaramakrishnan & Rustam Zufarov, 2024. "Proprietary costs and the equity financing choice," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 1276-1319, June.
    9. Kim, Woojin & Ko, YoungKyung & Wang, Shu-Feng, 2019. "Debt restructuring through equity issues," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 341-356.
    10. Liu, Yini, 2023. "Does innovation success reduce the cost of financing? Evidence from private investments in public equity," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    11. McWalter, Thomas A. & Ritchken, Peter H., 2022. "On stock-based loans," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    12. Mark D. Walker & Qingqing Wu, 2024. "PIPEs, firm investment, and viability," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 171-194, January.
    13. Bayar, Onur & Floros, Ioannis V. & Liu, Yini & Mao, Juan, 2024. "Litigation and information effects on private sales of securities," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    14. Ye, Zhiqiang & Zhang, Shunming & Zheng, Jiefei, 2023. "The peer effects of PIPEs," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 156-172.
    15. Peter Iliev & Michelle Lowry, 2020. "Venturing beyond the IPO: Financing of Newly Public Firms by Venture Capitalists," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(3), pages 1527-1577, June.
    16. Yuping Ning & Rohaya Binti Abdul Jalil, 2023. "Private Placement of China-Listed Real Estate Firms: A Conceptual Idea," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-23, December.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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