IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/fmktpm/v34y2020i2d10.1007_s11408-020-00346-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Markov-switching COGARCH approach to cryptocurrency portfolio selection and optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Jules Clement Mba

    (University of Johannesburg)

  • Sutene Mwambi

    (University of Johannesburg)

Abstract

Blockchain is a new technology slowly integrating our economy with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and many more applications. Bitcoin and other versions of it (known as Altcoins) are traded everyday at various cryptocurrency exchanges and have drawn the interest of many investors. These new types of assets are characterized by wild swings in prices, and this can lead to large swings in profit and losses. To respond to these dynamics, cryptoinvestors need adequate tools to guide them through their choice of portfolio selection and optimization. Bitcoin returns have shown some form of regime change, suggesting that regime-switching models could more adequately capture the volatility dynamics. This paper presents a two-state Markov-switching COGARCH-R-vine (MSCOGARCH) model for cryptocurrency portfolio selection and compares the performance to the single-regime COGARCH-R-vine (COGARCH). The findings here are in line with the literature where MSCOGARCH outperforms the single-regime COGARCH with regard to the expected shortfall risk. The COGARCH specifications here capture the structural breaks and heavy tailness within each state of the Markov switching in order to achieve a minimal risk and a maximum return. The flexibility of R-vine copula allows adequate bivariate copula selection for each pair of cryptocurrencies to achieve suitable dependence structure through pair-copula construction architecture.

Suggested Citation

  • Jules Clement Mba & Sutene Mwambi, 2020. "A Markov-switching COGARCH approach to cryptocurrency portfolio selection and optimization," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 34(2), pages 199-214, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:fmktpm:v:34:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s11408-020-00346-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11408-020-00346-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11408-020-00346-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11408-020-00346-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jorion, Philippe, 1985. "International Portfolio Diversification with Estimation Risk," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58(3), pages 259-278, July.
    2. Nelson, Daniel B., 1990. "ARCH models as diffusion approximations," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1-2), pages 7-38.
    3. Asger Lunde & Peter R. Hansen, 2005. "A forecast comparison of volatility models: does anything beat a GARCH(1,1)?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(7), pages 873-889.
    4. Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, 2016. "Bitcoin, gold and the dollar – A GARCH volatility analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 85-92.
    5. Nelson, Daniel B, 1991. "Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(2), pages 347-370, March.
    6. Corradi, Valentina, 2000. "Reconsidering the continuous time limit of the GARCH(1, 1) process," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 96(1), pages 145-153, May.
    7. Best, Michael J & Grauer, Robert R, 1991. "On the Sensitivity of Mean-Variance-Efficient Portfolios to Changes in Asset Means: Some Analytical and Computational Results," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 4(2), pages 315-342.
    8. Frankfurter, George M. & Phillips, Herbert E. & Seagle, John P., 1971. "Portfolio Selection: The Effects of Uncertain Means, Variances, and Covariances," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(5), pages 1251-1262, December.
    9. Moshirian, Fariborz, 2011. "The global financial crisis and the evolution of markets, institutions and regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 502-511, March.
    10. Mullen, Katharine M. & Ardia, David & Gil, David L. & Windover, Donald & Cline, James, 2011. "DEoptim: An R Package for Global Optimization by Differential Evolution," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 40(i06).
    11. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Zekokh, Timur, 2019. "Modelling volatility of cryptocurrencies using Markov-Switching GARCH models," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 143-155.
    12. Bollerslev, Tim, 1986. "Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 307-327, April.
    13. Thiemo Krink & Stefan Mittnik & Sandra Paterlini, 2009. "Differential evolution and combinatorial search for constrained index-tracking," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 172(1), pages 153-176, November.
    14. Florackis, Chris & Kontonikas, Alexandros & Kostakis, Alexandros, 2014. "Stock market liquidity and macro-liquidity shocks: Evidence from the 2007–2009 financial crisis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 97-117.
    15. Glosten, Lawrence R & Jagannathan, Ravi & Runkle, David E, 1993. "On the Relation between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1779-1801, December.
    16. Mark Britten‐Jones, 1999. "The Sampling Error in Estimates of Mean‐Variance Efficient Portfolio Weights," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(2), pages 655-671, April.
    17. Jeffrey Chu & Stephen Chan & Saralees Nadarajah & Joerg Osterrieder, 2017. "GARCH Modelling of Cryptocurrencies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, October.
    18. Thiemo Krink & Stefan Mittnik & Sandra Paterlini, 2009. "Differential evolution and combinatorial search for constrained index-tracking," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 172(1), pages 153-176, November.
    19. Bekiros, Stelios & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Nguyen, Duc Khuong, 2015. "Multivariate dependence risk and portfolio optimization: An application to mining stock portfolios," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(P2), pages 1-11.
    20. Dyhrberg, Anne Haubo, 2016. "Hedging capabilities of bitcoin. Is it the virtual gold?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 139-144.
    21. Merton, Robert C., 1972. "An Analytic Derivation of the Efficient Portfolio Frontier," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(4), pages 1851-1872, September.
    22. Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne & Kofi A. Ababio & Jules Mba & Ur Koumba, 2018. "Behavioral portfolio selection and optimization: an application to international stocks," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 32(3), pages 311-328, August.
    23. Thiemo Krink & Sandra Paterlini, 2011. "Multiobjective optimization using differential evolution for real-world portfolio optimization," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 157-179, April.
    24. Zakoian, Jean-Michel, 1994. "Threshold heteroskedastic models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 931-955, September.
    25. Jules Clement Mba & Edson Pindza & Ur Koumba, 2018. "A differential evolution copula-based approach for a multi-period cryptocurrency portfolio optimization," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 32(4), pages 399-418, November.
    26. Bauwens, Luc & De Backer, Bruno & Dufays, Arnaud, 2014. "A Bayesian method of change-point estimation with recurrent regimes: Application to GARCH models," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 207-229.
    27. Low, Rand Kwong Yew & Alcock, Jamie & Faff, Robert & Brailsford, Timothy, 2013. "Canonical vine copulas in the context of modern portfolio management: Are they worth it?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(8), pages 3085-3099.
    28. Engle, Robert F, 1982. "Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 987-1007, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cheng, Jiyang & Tiwari, Sunil & Khaled, Djebbouri & Mahendru, Mandeep & Shahzad, Umer, 2024. "Forecasting Bitcoin prices using artificial intelligence: Combination of ML, SARIMA, and Facebook Prophet models," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    2. Mario I. Contreras-Valdez & José Antonio Núñez & Guillermo Benavides Perales, 2022. "Bitcoin in Portfolio Selection: A Multivariate Distribution Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
    3. Osman, Myriam Ben & Galariotis, Emilios & Guesmi, Khaled & Hamdi, Haykel & Naoui, Kamel, 2023. "Diversification in financial and crypto markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    4. John Weirstrass Muteba Mwamba & Sutene Mwambetania Mwambi, 2021. "Assessing Market Risk in BRICS and Oil Markets: An Application of Markov Switching and Vine Copula," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-22, May.
    5. Mensi, Walid & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Spillovers and multiscale relationships among cryptocurrencies: A portfolio implication using high frequency data," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 449-479.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jules Clement Mba & Edson Pindza & Ur Koumba, 2018. "A differential evolution copula-based approach for a multi-period cryptocurrency portfolio optimization," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 32(4), pages 399-418, November.
    2. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Zekokh, Timur, 2019. "Modelling volatility of cryptocurrencies using Markov-Switching GARCH models," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 143-155.
    3. Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2021. "A Survey on Volatility Fluctuations in the Decentralized Cryptocurrency Financial Assets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-46, June.
    4. Panagiotidis, Theodore & Papapanagiotou, Georgios & Stengos, Thanasis, 2022. "On the volatility of cryptocurrencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    5. Cristina Chinazzo & Vahidin Jeleskovic, 2024. "Forecasting Bitcoin Volatility: A Comparative Analysis of Volatility Approaches," Papers 2401.02049, arXiv.org.
    6. Trucíos, Carlos, 2019. "Forecasting Bitcoin risk measures: A robust approach," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 836-847.
    7. Cheikh, Nidhaleddine Ben & Zaied, Younes Ben & Chevallier, Julien, 2020. "Asymmetric volatility in cryptocurrency markets: New evidence from smooth transition GARCH models," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    8. Oscar V. De la Torre-Torres & Evaristo Galeana-Figueroa & María de la Cruz Del Río-Rama & José Álvarez-García, 2022. "Using Markov-Switching Models in US Stocks Optimal Portfolio Selection in a Black–Litterman Context (Part 1)," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-28, April.
    9. Shaw, Charles, 2018. "Conditional heteroskedasticity in crypto-asset returns," MPRA Paper 90437, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Zhang, Yuanyuan & Zhang, Qian & Wang, Zerong & Wang, Qi, 2024. "Option valuation via nonaffine dynamics with realized volatility," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    11. Nagaraj Naik & Biju R. Mohan, 2021. "Stock Price Volatility Estimation Using Regime Switching Technique-Empirical Study on the Indian Stock Market," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(14), pages 1-18, July.
    12. Ataurima Arellano, Miguel & Rodríguez, Gabriel, 2020. "Empirical modeling of high-income and emerging stock and Forex market return volatility using Markov-switching GARCH models," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    13. Charles, Amélie, 2010. "The day-of-the-week effects on the volatility: The role of the asymmetry," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 202(1), pages 143-152, April.
    14. Issler, João Victor, 1999. "Estimating and forecasting the volatility of Brazilian finance series using arch models (Preliminary Version)," FGV EPGE Economics Working Papers (Ensaios Economicos da EPGE) 347, EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance - FGV EPGE (Brazil).
    15. S. M. Abdullah & Salina Siddiqua & Muhammad Shahadat Hossain Siddiquee & Nazmul Hossain, 2017. "Modeling and forecasting exchange rate volatility in Bangladesh using GARCH models: a comparison based on normal and Student’s t-error distribution," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 3(1), pages 1-19, December.
    16. Huang, Yirong & Luo, Yi, 2024. "Forecasting conditional volatility based on hybrid GARCH-type models with long memory, regime switching, leverage effect and heavy-tail: Further evidence from equity market," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    17. Köksal, Bülent, 2009. "A Comparison of Conditional Volatility Estimators for the ISE National 100 Index Returns," MPRA Paper 30510, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Sebastián Cano-Berlanga & José-Manuel Giménez-Gómez, 2018. "On Chinese stock markets: How have they evolved over time?," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 266(1), pages 499-510, July.
    19. Ardia, David & Bluteau, Keven & Boudt, Kris & Catania, Leopoldo, 2018. "Forecasting risk with Markov-switching GARCH models:A large-scale performance study," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 733-747.
    20. Brooks, Robert D. & Faff, Robert W. & McKenzie, Michael D. & Mitchell, Heather, 2000. "A multi-country study of power ARCH models and national stock market returns," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 377-397, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Long range dependence; Lévy processes; Differential evolution; R-vine copula; Portfolio optimization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C02 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Mathematical Economics
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:fmktpm:v:34:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s11408-020-00346-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.