IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/jfr/rwe111/v6y2015i1p159-171.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Relation of the US Dollar with Oil Prices, Gold Prices, and the US Stock Market

Author

Listed:
  • Samih Antoine Azar

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the relation of US stocks, gold, and oil with the US dollar foreign exchange rate. First it is demonstrated that the law of one price holds for US stocks, gold, and oil. This law specifies that a 1% appreciation of the US dollar leads to a 1% fall in the price of stocks, gold, and oil. This is true for the simple reason that stocks, gold and oil are denominated in US dollars. Next intrinsic returns are calculated. Intrinsic returns are defined as those asset returns that treat the US dollar unchanged. Although raw returns are marginally negatively correlated with the US dollar, intrinsic returns and the US dollar are essentially independent. Nevertheless the paper uncovers a calendar break in September 2002. Before this date raw and intrinsic returns of US stocks are positively correlated with the US dollar, while they are negatively correlated afterwards. The implications for portfolio analysis are clear-cut: investors should hold a portfolio that is long in equity, gold and oil, although oil has on average a zero return and suffers from excess volatility. It may seem that foreigners benefit additionally from a stronger dollar. However the US dollar has itself a zero average return.

Suggested Citation

  • Samih Antoine Azar, 2015. "The Relation of the US Dollar with Oil Prices, Gold Prices, and the US Stock Market," Research in World Economy, Research in World Economy, Sciedu Press, vol. 6(1), pages 159-171, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:jfr:rwe111:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:159-171
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/rwe/article/view/6581/3915
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: http://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/rwe/article/view/6581
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abhay Abhyankar, Bing Xu, and Jiayue Wang, 2013. "Oil Price Shocks and the Stock Market: Evidence from Japan," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2).
    2. Samih Antoine Azar, 2013. "US Stocks and the US Dollar," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 4(4), pages 91-106, October.
    3. Joscha Beckmann & Robert Czudaj, 2013. "Oil and gold price dynamics in a multivariate cointegration framework," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 453-468, September.
    4. Akram, Q. Farooq, 2009. "Commodity prices, interest rates and the dollar," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 838-851, November.
    5. Andrews, Donald W K & Ploberger, Werner, 1994. "Optimal Tests When a Nuisance Parameter Is Present Only under the Alternative," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(6), pages 1383-1414, November.
    6. Jushan Bai & Pierre Perron, 2003. "Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(1), pages 1-22.
    7. Samih Antoine Azar, 2014. "The US Dow and the US dollar," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(10), pages 683-686, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. & Oliyide, Johnson A. & Oduyemi, Gabriel O., 2021. "How COVID-19 upturns the hedging potentials of gold against oil and stock markets risks: Nonlinear evidences through threshold regression and markov-regime switching models," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Zhenghui Li & Zhiming Ao & Bin Mo, 2021. "Revisiting the Valuable Roles of Global Financial Assets for International Stock Markets: Quantile Coherence and Causality-in-Quantiles Approaches," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(15), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Narinder Pal Singh & Sugandha Sharma, 2018. "Cointegration and Causality among Dollar, Oil, Gold and Sensex across Global Financial Crisis," Vision, , vol. 22(4), pages 365-376, December.
    4. Abid, Fathi & Kaffel, Bilel, 2018. "Time–frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between the global macro assets and the fear indexes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1028-1045.
    5. Mirzosaid Sultonov, 2016. "Dynamic conditional correlation and causality relationship among foreign exchange, stock and commodity markets: Evidence from 2014 Russian financial crisis," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 36(2), pages 949-962.
    6. Amine Ben Amar & Jean‐Étienne Carlotti, 2021. "Who drives the dance? Further insights from a time‐frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between stock markets and uncertainty," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1623-1636, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Abid, Fathi & Kaffel, Bilel, 2018. "Time–frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between the global macro assets and the fear indexes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1028-1045.
    2. Beckmann, Joscha & Czudaj, Robert, 2013. "Is there a homogeneous causality pattern between oil prices and currencies of oil importers and exporters?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 665-678.
    3. Drachal, Krzysztof, 2016. "Forecasting spot oil price in a dynamic model averaging framework — Have the determinants changed over time?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 35-46.
    4. Jiang, Yong & Wang, Gang-Jin & Ma, Chaoqun & Yang, Xiaoguang, 2021. "Do credit conditions matter for the impact of oil price shocks on stock returns? Evidence from a structural threshold VAR model," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 1-15.
    5. Bernard, Jean-Thomas & Idoudi, Nadhem & Khalaf, Lynda & Yelou, Clement, 2007. "Finite sample multivariate structural change tests with application to energy demand models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 1219-1244, December.
    6. Benati, Luca, 2007. "Drift and breaks in labor productivity," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(8), pages 2847-2877, August.
    7. Gómez-Puig, Marta & Sosvilla-Rivero, Simón, 2014. "Causality and contagion in EMU sovereign debt markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 12-27.
    8. Pierre Perron & Yohei Yamamoto, 2022. "Structural change tests under heteroskedasticity: Joint estimation versus two‐steps methods," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 389-411, May.
    9. Devi, P. Indira & Shanmugam, K.R. & Jayasree, M.G., 2012. "Compensating Wages for Occupational Risks of Farm Workers in India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 67(2), pages 1-12.
    10. Terasvirta, Timo, 2006. "Forecasting economic variables with nonlinear models," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann (ed.), Handbook of Economic Forecasting, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 8, pages 413-457, Elsevier.
    11. Mohitosh Kejriwal & Pierre Perron, 2010. "A sequential procedure to determine the number of breaks in trend with an integrated or stationary noise component," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 305-328, September.
    12. Hervé Le Bihan, 2004. "Tests de ruptures : une application au PIB tendanciel français," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 163(2), pages 133-154.
    13. Kim, Hyeongwoo & Shao, Peng & Zhang, Shuwei, 2023. "Policy coordination and the effectiveness of fiscal stimulus," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    14. Nicolas Million, 2010. "Test simultané de la non-stationnarité et de la non-linéarité : une application au taux d’intérêt réel américain," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 192(1), pages 83-95.
    15. Esteve Vicente & Prats Maria A., 2021. "Structural Breaks and Explosive Behavior in the Long-Run: The Case of Australian Real House Prices, 1870–2020," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 72-84, January.
    16. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Balcilar, Mehmet & Abidin Ozdemir, Zeynel, 2017. "Does oil predict gold? A nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 257-265.
    17. Bonato, Matteo & Gupta, Rangan & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Wang, Shixuan, 2020. "Moments-based spillovers across gold and oil markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    18. Agata Lozinskaia & Anastasiia Saltykova, 2019. "Fundamental Factors Affecting The Moex Russia Index: Structural Break Detection In A Long-Term Time Series," HSE Working papers WP BRP 77/FE/2019, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    19. Atanu Ghoshray & Issam Malki & Javier Ordóñez, 2022. "On the long-run dynamics of income and wealth inequality," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 375-408, February.
    20. repec:wvu:wpaper:06-02 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. , & Stein, Tobias, 2021. "Equity premium predictability over the business cycle," CEPR Discussion Papers 16357, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:jfr:rwe111:v:6:y:2015:i:1:p:159-171. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Gina Perry (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://rwe.sciedupress.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.