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2000-2020 Yılları Arasında G7 Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin İşgücü Piyasası Yapısının ve Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Author

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  • Didem Koca

    (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi)

Abstract

Dünyanın en gelişmiş yedi ülkesini temsil eden G7 ülkelerinde çalışma çağındaki nüfus hızla azalmakta ve 65 yaş üstü nüfus ise giderek artmaktadır. Türkiye’nin demografik yapısı incelendiğinde ise hem çalışma çağındaki nüfusunun hem de 65 yaş üstü nüfusun artış eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir. G7 ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin demografik yapısında yaşanan bu farklılaşma, işgücü piyasası yapısına ve Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikalarına (AİPP) ne ölçüde yansımaktadır? Araştırmanın temel dinamiğini oluşturan bu soru kapsamında çalışmada, G7 ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin işgücü piyasasının yapısı ve bu ülkelerde uygulanmakta olan AİPP, 2000- 2020 yılları arasında Dünya Bankası ve OECD aracılığıyla elde edilen veriler ışığında betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, demografik nüfus yapısının değişiminde dikkat çeken ülkelerin potansiyelleri analiz edilerek, hangi ülkelerin hangi istihdam politikalarıyla öne çıktığını, çeşitli değişkenlere göre avantaj ve dezavantajlarının neler olduğunu ülkelerin emek piyasalarının genel özellikleri ışığında geniş bir perspektiften analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, AİPP ülkelerin işgücü dinamiklerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. AİPP, ülkelerin GSYİH içindeki payına göre değerlendirildiğinde; Fransa eğitim, doğrudan iş yaratma ve işe yerleştirme uygulamalarında öne çıkan ülke olmuştur. İtalya istihdam teşvikleri, Almanya işe yerleştirme uygulamaları, Japonya ve Birleşik Krallık ise işgücünün becerini etkinleştirmede öne çıkmıştır. Türkiye’de uygulanan en yaygın AİPP eğitim programlarıdır.

Suggested Citation

  • Didem Koca, 2022. "2000-2020 Yılları Arasında G7 Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin İşgücü Piyasası Yapısının ve Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikalarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi," Journal of Social Policy Conferences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, issue 83, pages 101-140, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:iujspc:y:2022:i:83:p:101-140
    DOI: 10.26650/jspc.2022.83.1075435
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