IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ist/ekoist/v0y2023i38p35-52.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigating the Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality in Developed and Developing Countries: An Application of Canonical Correlation Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • ÇiÄŸdem Yılmaz Özsoy

    (İstanbul Topkapı Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between the variables of financial development and income inequality using a canonical correlation analysis for 41 developed and developing countries in 2017. Financial develop consists of the four subdimensions of access to finance, efficiency, stability, and external liberalization, which are respectively explained by the number of ATMs per 100,000 adults, net interest margin, ratio of regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets, and ratio of consolidated foreign claims of BIS (Bank for International Settlements) Reporting Banks to GDP. Meanwhile, income inequality consists of the variables of Gini coefficient and poverty gap index. As a result of the canonical correlation analysis, a highly correlated relationship was found between financial development and income inequality, with the common variance shared among the data being 45%. To test the reliability of this result, Mardia’s multivariate normal distribution test was applied, and the dataset of the variables was determined to not be normally distributed. Therefore, the study only considered structural correlations. As a result of the structural correlations, the Gini coefficient’s contributions to the income inequality dataset can be said to be more significant than what the poverty gap index contributes. Net interest margin explains the subdimension of financial efficiency, and its contribution was observed to be more important than the other proxy measurements that express access to the subdimensions of finance, stability, and external liberalization. Therefore, positive developments in the net interest margin will be able to positively affect financial development thus increasing the income of the poor and the use of economic opportunities, as well as narrowing income inequality in both developed and developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • ÇiÄŸdem Yılmaz Özsoy, 2023. "Investigating the Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality in Developed and Developing Countries: An Application of Canonical Correlation Analysis," EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(38), pages 35-52, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ist:ekoist:v:0:y:2023:i:38:p:35-52
    DOI: 10.26650/ekoist.2022.36.1055477
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/4EA6D116D6F34DD696E2BE9B702B59E4
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/ekoist/article/turkiyede-ekonomik-buyume-ve-dis-ticaret-arasindaki-nedensellik-iliskisi-zamanla-degisiyor-mu
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.26650/ekoist.2022.36.1055477?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rossi, Barbara, 2005. "Optimal Tests For Nested Model Selection With Underlying Parameter Instability," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(5), pages 962-990, October.
    2. Shuping Shi & Peter C. B. Phillips & Stan Hurn, 2018. "Change Detection and the Causal Impact of the Yield Curve," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(6), pages 966-987, November.
    3. Aamer Abu-Qarn & Suleiman Abu-Bader, 2004. "The validity of the ELG hypothesis in the MENA region: cointegration and error correction model analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(15), pages 1685-1695.
    4. Barbara Rossi & Yiru Wang, 2019. "Vector autoregressive-based Granger causality test in the presence of instabilities," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 19(4), pages 883-899, December.
    5. Òscar Jordà, 2005. "Estimation and Inference of Impulse Responses by Local Projections," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(1), pages 161-182, March.
    6. Balcilar, Mehmet & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin & Arslanturk, Yalcin, 2010. "Economic growth and energy consumption causal nexus viewed through a bootstrap rolling window," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 1398-1410, November.
    7. Thoma, Mark A., 1994. "Subsample instability and asymmetries in money-income causality," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 64(1-2), pages 279-306.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gulcin Kendirkiran & Furkan Emirmahmutoglu, 2022. "Does Change over Time the Causal Relationship between Economic Growth and Foreign Trade in Turkey?," EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(36), pages 43-62, June.
    2. Sibande, Xolani & Demirer, Riza & Balcilar, Mehmet & Gupta, Rangan, 2023. "On the pricing effects of bitcoin mining in the fossil fuel market: The case of coal," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    3. Mehmet Ulug & Sayım Işık & Mehmet Mert, 2023. "The effectiveness of ultra-loose monetary policy in a high inflation economy: a time-varying causality analysis for Turkey," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2855-2887, August.
    4. Mehmet Balcilar & Gizem Uzuner & Festus Victor Bekun & Mark E. Wohar, 2023. "Housing price uncertainty and housing prices in the UK in a time-varying environment," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(2), pages 523-549, May.
    5. Shuping Shi & Peter C. B. Phillips & Stan Hurn, 2018. "Change Detection and the Causal Impact of the Yield Curve," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(6), pages 966-987, November.
    6. Mustafa Kocoglu & Phouphet Kyophilavong & Ashar Awan & So Young Lim, 2023. "Time-varying causality between oil price and exchange rate in five ASEAN economies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 1007-1031, April.
    7. Emirmahmutoglu, Furkan & Denaux, Zulal & Topcu, Mert, 2021. "Time-varying causality between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real output: Sectoral evidence from the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    8. Clements, Adam & Hurn, Stan & Shi, Shuping, 2017. "An empirical investigation of herding in the U.S. stock market," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 184-192.
    9. Uche, Emmanuel & Das, Narasingha & Ngepah, Nicholas, 2024. "Green environments reimagined through the lens of green finance, green innovations, green taxation, and green energies. Wavelet quantile correlation and rolling window-based quantile causality perspec," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    10. Hicham Ayad & Ousama Ben-Salha & Miloud Ouafi, 2023. "Do oil prices predict the exchange rate in Algeria? Time, frequency, and time‐varying Granger causality analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 3545-3566, October.
    11. Jin Zhang & David C. Broadstock, 2016. "The Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth for China in a Time-varying Framework," The Energy Journal, , vol. 37(1_suppl), pages 29-54, January.
    12. Seyi Saint Akadiri & Andrew Adewale Alola & Ahdi Noomen Ajmi, 2022. "Trilemma of pandemic-related health emergency, economic policy uncertainty and partisan conflict in the United States: A time-varying analysis evidence," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 46(4), pages 771-784, October.
    13. Hong, Yun & Zhang, Rushan & Zhang, Feipeng, 2024. "Time-varying causality impact of economic policy uncertainty on stock market returns: Global evidence from developed and emerging countries," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    14. Yonglian Wang & Lijun Wang & Han Liu & Yongjing Wang, 2021. "The Robust Causal Relationships Among Domestic Tourism Demand, Carbon Emissions, and Economic Growth in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, October.
    15. Shu-Ping Shi & Stan Hurn & Peter C. B. Phillips, 2016. "Causal Change Detection in Possibly Integrated Systems: Revisiting the Money-Income Relationship," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2059, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    16. Mehmet Balcilar & Edmond Berisha & Oğuzhan Çepni & Rangan Gupta, 2022. "The predictive power of the term spread on inequality in the United Kingdom: An empirical analysis," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 1979-1988, April.
    17. Fromentin, Vincent, 2022. "Time-varying causality between stock prices and macroeconomic fundamentals: Connection or disconnection?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    18. Pham, Linh & Cepni, Oguzhan, 2022. "Extreme directional spillovers between investor attention and green bond markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 186-210.
    19. Çepni, Oğuzhan & Gül, Selçuk & Hacıhasanoğlu, Yavuz Selim & Yılmaz, Muhammed Hasan, 2020. "Global uncertainties and portfolio flow dynamics of the BRICS countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    20. Li, Yang & Du, Qingfeng, 2024. "Oil price volatility and gold prices volatility asymmetric links with natural resources via financial market fluctuations: Implications for green recovery," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ist:ekoist:v:0:y:2023:i:38:p:35-52. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Istanbul University Press Operational Team (Ertuğrul YAŞAR) (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ifisttr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.