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Personalized Mobile Targeting with User Engagement Stages: Combining a Structural Hidden Markov Model and Field Experiment

Author

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  • Yingjie Zhang

    (Naveen Jindal School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080)

  • Beibei Li

    (Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213)

  • Xueming Luo

    (Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122)

  • Xiaoyi Wang

    (School of Management, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China)

Abstract

Low engagement rates and high attrition rates have been formidable challenges to mobile apps and their long-term success, especially for those whose revenues derive mainly from in-app purchases. To date, little is known about how companies can scientifically detect user engagement stages and optimize corresponding personalized-targeting promotion strategies to improve business revenues. This paper proposes a new structural forward-looking hidden Markov model (FHMM) combined with a randomized field experiment on app notification promotions. Our model can recover consumer latent engagement stages by accounting for both the time-varying nature of users’ engagement and their forward-looking consumption behavior. Although app users in most of the engagement stages are likely to become less dynamically engaged, this slippery slope of user engagement can be alleviated by randomized treatments of app promotions. The structural estimates from the FHMM with the field-experimental data also enable us to identify heterogeneity in the treatment effects, specifically in terms of the causal impact of app promotions on continuous app consumption behavior across different hidden engagement stages. Additionally, we simulate and optimize the revenues of different personalized-targeting promotion strategies with the structural estimates. Personalized dynamic engagement-based targeting based on the FHMM can, compared with nonpersonalized mass promotion, generate 101.84% more revenue for the price promotion and 72.46% more revenue for the free-content promotion. It also can generate substantially higher revenues than the experience-based targeting strategy applied by current industry practices and targeting strategies based on alternative customer segmentation models such as k -means or the myopic hidden Markov model. Overall, the novel feature of our paper is its proposal of a new personalized-targeting approach combining the FHMM with a field experiment to tackle the challenge of low engagement with mobile apps.

Suggested Citation

  • Yingjie Zhang & Beibei Li & Xueming Luo & Xiaoyi Wang, 2019. "Personalized Mobile Targeting with User Engagement Stages: Combining a Structural Hidden Markov Model and Field Experiment," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 30(3), pages 787-804, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:orisre:v:30:y:2019:i:3:p:787-804
    DOI: 10.1287/isre.2018.0831
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    2. Ni Huang & Probal Mojumder & Tianshu Sun & Jinchi Lv & Joseph M. Golden, 2021. "Not Registered? Please Sign Up First: A Randomized Field Experiment on the Ex Ante Registration Request," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 32(3), pages 914-931, September.
    3. Zhuojun Gu & Ravi Bapna & Jason Chan & Alok Gupta, 2022. "Measuring the Impact of Crowdsourcing Features on Mobile App User Engagement and Retention: A Randomized Field Experiment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(2), pages 1297-1329, February.
    4. Wan, Qin & Yang, Shilei & Shi, Victor & Qiu, Martin, 2021. "Optimal strategies of mobile targeting promotion under competition," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    5. Jing Peng, 2023. "Identification of Causal Mechanisms from Randomized Experiments: A Framework for Endogenous Mediation Analysis," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(1), pages 67-84, March.
    6. Ryo Kato & Takahiro Hoshino & Daisuke Moriwaki & Shintaro Okazaki, 2022. "Mobile Targeting: Exploring the Role of Area Familiarity, Store Knowledge, and Promotional Incentives," Discussion Paper Series DP2022-10, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    7. Shaohui Wu & Yong Tan & Yubo Chen & Yitian (Sky) Liang, 2022. "How Is Mobile User Behavior Different? A Hidden Markov Model of Cross-Mobile Application Usage Dynamics," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(3), pages 1002-1022, September.

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