IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i6p2781-d1616975.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Development of Eco-Schemes as an Important Environmental Measure in Areas Facing Natural or Other Specific Constraints Under the Common Agriculture Policy 2023–2027: Evidence from Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Marek Zieliński

    (Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute, Department of Economics of Agriculture and Horticulture Holdings, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Wojciech Józwiak

    (Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute, Department of Economics of Agriculture and Horticulture Holdings, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Agata Żak

    (Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics National Research Institute, Department of Economics of Agriculture and Horticulture Holdings, 00-002 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Tomasz Rokicki

    (Management Institute, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Institutional environmental measures play a fundamental role in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027, which primarily focuses on eco-schemes and for which the EU Member States must allocate part of their direct payment budget. The total budget under eco-schemes in the EU is an important part of Pillar I of the CAP 2023–2027. The aim of this study is to determine the capacity of Polish agriculture in ANCs to adopt practices under eco-schemes in the first year (2023) of the CAP 2023–2027. In the international literature, there is an apparent paucity of such analyses conducted for the newly designated ANCs in the EU Member States based on the European Commission’s guidelines under the CAP 2014–2020 and applicable under the CAP 2023–2027. Practices under eco-schemes are now fundamental for EU agriculture, increasing soil fertility, using rational fertilization and, as a result, improving the quality of products offered to consumers. It was pointed out that at this moment in ANCs, the use of eco-schemes is not satisfactory. The conclusions emphasized that in the EU, including Poland, eco-schemes should be implemented by as many farmers as possible, regardless of the size of the farm they have and the natural conditions in which they carry out agricultural production.

Suggested Citation

  • Marek Zieliński & Wojciech Józwiak & Agata Żak & Tomasz Rokicki, 2025. "Development of Eco-Schemes as an Important Environmental Measure in Areas Facing Natural or Other Specific Constraints Under the Common Agriculture Policy 2023–2027: Evidence from Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:6:p:2781-:d:1616975
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/6/2781/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/6/2781/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Beata Kalinowska & Piotr Bórawski & Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska & Bogdan Klepacki & Aleksandra Perkowska & Tomasz Rokicki, 2022. "Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Member States of the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Uwe Latacz‐Lohmann & Mette Termansen & Chi Nguyen, 2022. "The New Eco‐Schemes: Navigating a Narrow Fairway," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 21(2), pages 4-10, August.
    3. Moucheng Liu & Xin Chen & Yuanmei Jiao, 2024. "Sustainable Agriculture: Theories, Methods, Practices and Policies," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-4, March.
    4. Tomas Hlavsa & Jindrich Spicka & Marie Stolbova & Zuzana Hlouskova, 2020. "Statistical analysis of economic viability of farms operating in Czech areas facing natural constraints," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 66(5), pages 193-202.
    5. Józwiak, Wojciech & Sobierajewska, Jolanta & Zieliński, Marek & Ziętara, Wojciech, 2019. "The level of labour profitability and development opportunities of farms in Poland," Problems of Agricultural Economics / Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej 291528, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI).
    6. Wąs, Adam & Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata & Zavalloni, Matteo & Viaggi, Davide & Kobus, Paweł & Sulewski, Piotr, 2021. "In search of factors determining the participation of farmers in agri-environmental schemes – Does only money matter in Poland?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    7. Galli, Francesca & Prosperi, Paolo & Favilli, Elena & D'Amico, Simona & Bartolini, Fabio & Brunori, Gianluca, 2020. "How can policy processes remove barriers to sustainable food systems in Europe? Contributing to a policy framework for agri-food transitions," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    8. Marta Guth & Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży & Bazyli Czyżewski & Sebastian Stępień, 2020. "The Economic Sustainability of Farms under Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union Countries," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, January.
    9. Zuzana Hloušková & Michaela Lekešová & Anna Prajerová & Tomáš Doucha, 2022. "Assessing the Economic Viability of Agricultural Holdings with the Inclusion of Opportunity Costs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-15, November.
    10. Marko Lovec & Tanja Šumrada & Emil Erjavec, 2020. "New CAP Delivery Model, Old Issues," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 55(2), pages 112-119, March.
    11. Maria Ragosta & Giada Daniele & Vito Imbrenda & Rosa Coluzzi & Mariagrazia D’Emilio & Maria Lanfredi & Nadia Matarazzo, 2024. "Land Transformations in Irpinia (Southern Italy): A Tale on the Socio-Economic Dynamics Acting in a Marginal Area of the Mediterranean Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-20, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ioan Prigoreanu & Gabriela Radu & Andreea Grigore-Sava & Carmen Luiza Costuleanu & George Ungureanu & Gabriela Ignat, 2025. "Assessing the Economic Sustainability of the EU and Romanian Farming Sectors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-33, May.
    2. Stefano Ciliberti & Luca Palazzoni & Sofia Maria Lilli & Angelo Frascarelli, 2022. "Direct Payments to Provide Environmental Public Goods and Enhance Farm Incomes: Do Allocation Criteria Matter?," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 13(1-2).
    3. Vassallo, Marco & Cimino, Orlando & Henke, Roberto, 2024. "Harmonizing economic and environmental costs in the CAP to improve efficiency and effectiveness of policies," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 1055-1069.
    4. Silvia Scaramuzzi & Sara Gabellini & Giovanni Belletti & Andrea Marescotti, 2021. "Agrobiodiversity-Oriented Food Systems between Public Policies and Private Action: A Socio-Ecological Model for Sustainable Territorial Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-32, November.
    5. Michal Chocholousek & Zuzana Hlouskova & Tereza Simova & Jan Huml, 2021. "Agriculture farms product differentiation assessment in the Czech Republic," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(3), pages 81-89.
    6. Adrian Sadłowski & Wioletta Wrzaszcz & Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży & Anna Matras-Bolibok & Anna Budzyńska & Marek Angowski & Stefan Mann, 2021. "Direct Payments and Sustainable Agricultural Development—The Example of Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, November.
    7. Cholez, Celia & Pauly, Olivier & Mahdad, Maral & Mehrabi, Sepide & Giagnocavo, Cynthia & Bijman, Jos, 2023. "Heterogeneity of inter-organizational collaborations in agrifood chain sustainability-oriented innovations," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    8. Radu Lucian Pânzaru & Daniela Firoiu & George H. Ionescu & Andi Ciobanu & Dragoș Mihai Medelete & Ramona Pîrvu, 2023. "Organic Agriculture in the Context of 2030 Agenda Implementation in European Union Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-31, July.
    9. Hales, Jan & Kemper, Joya & White, Samantha K. & Veer, Ekant, 2024. "Reflections on food policy in the context of healthy and sustainable diets," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    10. Anna Nowak & Monika Różańska‐Boczula, 2024. "A comparative view of the level of agricultural sustainability – The case of European Union member states," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), pages 2638-2652, June.
    11. Stephanie Walton, 2024. "Transforming the food system in ‘unprotected space’: the case of diverse grain networks in England," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 41(3), pages 989-1006, September.
    12. Shengnan Huang & Ehsan Elahi, 2022. "Farmers’ Preferences for Recycling Pesticide Packaging Waste: An Implication of a Discrete Choice Experiment Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, October.
    13. Stępień Sebastian & Smędzik-Ambroży Katarzyna & Polcyn Jan & Kwiliński Aleksy & Maican Ionut, 2023. "Are small farms sustainable and technologically smart? Evidence from Poland, Romania, and Lithuania," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 10(57), pages 116-132, January.
    14. Adam Pawlewicz & Katarzyna Pawlewicz, 2023. "The Risk of Agricultural Land Abandonment as a Socioeconomic Challenge for the Development of Agriculture in the European Union," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-24, February.
    15. José-Luis Alfaro-Navarro & María-Encarnación Andrés-Martínez, 2021. "A longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of the distribution of Common Agricultural Policy aids in European countries," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(9), pages 351-362.
    16. Artiom Volkov & Mangirdas Morkūnas & Maria Crescimanno, 2025. "Is common agricultural policy competent to steer EU agriculture in turbulent times? Evidence from the European dairy sector," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, December.
    17. Claudio Liberati & Concetta Cardillo & Antonella Di Fonzo, 2021. "Sustainability and competitiveness in farms: An evidence of Lazio region agriculture through FADN data analysis," Economia agro-alimentare, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 23(3), pages 1-22.
    18. Anna Kasprzyk & Alina Walenia, 2023. "Native Pig Breeds as a Source of Biodiversity—Breeding and Economic Aspects," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-30, July.
    19. Sergei Schaub & Jaboury Ghazoul & Robert Huber & Wei Zhang & Adelaide Sander & Charles Rees & Simanti Banerjee & Robert Finger, 2023. "The role of behavioural factors and opportunity costs in farmers' participation in voluntary agri‐environmental schemes: A systematic review," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(3), pages 617-660, September.
    20. Roberto Cagliero & Francesco Licciardo & Marzia Legnini, 2021. "The Evaluation Framework in the New CAP 2023–2027: A Reflection in the Light of Lessons Learned from Rural Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:6:p:2781-:d:1616975. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.