A Meta-Analysis of Shared Mobility Adoption: The Role of Cultural Moderators and Key Psychological Determinants

In order to address the theoretical deficiencies present in the current literature regarding the willingness to utilize shared transportation—specifically the fragmented influencing factors and the ambiguous cultural regulatory mechanisms—this research employed a meta-analytic methodology. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic screening of 35 empirical studies was conducted (17 in Chinese and 18 in English), which collectively examined 21 potential predictor variables. Following the execution of heterogeneity tests and assessments of publication bias, a random-effects model was applied for the analysis. The results reveal that attitude, subjective norms, and performance expectations exhibit medium effect sizes, while perceived behavioral control, social influence, and trust show weak effects. Conversely, perceived risk is found to have a significant negative impact. Further analysis of moderating effects indicates that collectivist cultures significantly reduce the strength of the effects of subjective norms (Δβ = −0.047) and social influences (Δβ = −0.139). Additionally, the influence of subjective norms is more pronounced in cultures characterized by low uncertainty avoidance (0.371 vs. 0.265). This study offers a theoretical framework for the cross-cultural adaptation of shared transportation systems and establishes an empirical basis for the differentiated development of sustainable urban transportation policies.