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Theoretical Connotation and Measurement Indicator System of Ecological Green Development Level in China

Author

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  • Xi Yu

    (School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China)

  • Hanshuo Yang

    (School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China)

  • Yao Shi

    (School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China)

Abstract

Amidst escalating global environmental challenges, ecological development has become crucial for sustaining human well-being and planetary health. China, with its ambitious ecological civilization agenda, is at the forefront of this transition. This paper calculated the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) for China from 2005 to 2020 and employed the Dagum Gini coefficient to analyze regional ecological disparities. Results show that GEP grew steadily from CNY 47.17 trillion in 2005 to CNY 74.40 trillion in 2020, but this growth lagged behind GDP expansion. Regulation Services, though dominant, exhibited the slowest growth, hindering full realization of ecological product values. Regional disparities were prominent, with the western region having higher GEP but lower per unit area value, indicating inefficiencies in value realization. Eastern regions excelled in material and Cultural Services but had lower regulation service values. These findings underscore the need for balanced ecological development policies that enhance ecosystem regulation, reduce regional inequalities, and optimize ecological product value realization for sustainable growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Xi Yu & Hanshuo Yang & Yao Shi, 2025. "Theoretical Connotation and Measurement Indicator System of Ecological Green Development Level in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:10:p:4451-:d:1655304
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tian Ma & Yisheng Liu & Meng Yang, 2022. "Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity for Commercial Building Carbon Emissions in China: Based the Dagum Gini Coefficient," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Cai, Qingnan & Fang, Delin & Chen, Bin, 2025. "Ecological network analysis for urban physical-virtual water cycle: A case study of Beijing," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 501(C).
    3. Jin, Xuanyi & Jiang, Wenrui & Fang, Delin & Wang, Saige & Chen, Bin, 2024. "Evaluation and driving force analysis of the water-energy‑carbon nexus in agricultural trade for RCEP countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    4. Sachs, Jeffrey D. & Warner, Andrew M., 2001. "The curse of natural resources," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(4-6), pages 827-838, May.
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