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Market Diversification and Competitiveness of Fresh Grape Exports in Peru

Author

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  • Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 15011, Peru)

  • Kelly Cristina Vasquez Huatay

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 15011, Peru)

  • Diego Alejandro Ludeña Jugo

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 15011, Peru)

  • Alberto Luis Pantaleón Santa María

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 15011, Peru)

  • Juan César Farías Rodríguez

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 15011, Peru)

  • Fernando Suárez Santa Cruz

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 15011, Peru)

  • Erik Omar Escalona Aguilar

    (Facultad de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile)

  • Marco Agustín Arbulú-Ballesteros

    (Escuela de Administración, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima 15046, Peru)

Abstract

Global trade and globalization have driven growth and diversification in the horticultural industry. Fresh grapes, a key product, face challenges of market volatility, trade barriers, and logistics. Market diversification is essential for stability and competitiveness in international trade. This research focused on analyzing market diversification in Peru’s fresh grape exports during the 2013–2022 period, exploring its implications for international trade. A quantitative methodology was used, along with the analysis of publicly recorded data on the website of the National Superintendence of Customs and Tax Administration, specifically exports from companies shipping under the national subheading for Grapes (0806.10.00.00). Diversification was analyzed using the Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index (HHI), and competitiveness through the Balassa index. The main findings were that between 2013 and 2022, Peruvian grape exports grew in value (CAGR of 12.02%) and volume (CAGR of 12.13%). The sector expanded with an average of 151.2 companies and 59.1 destination markets. Diversification varied: the USA (12.4%), the Netherlands (1.6%), Hong Kong (4.2%), and Mexico (63.2%). The Herfindahl–Hirschman index showed concentration in the USA (4533 in 2020, 4519 in 2022) and stability in companies (2318 in 2014, 2450 in 2022). Finally, it is recommended to strengthen the Peruvian viticultural sector by maintaining geographic diversification through policies seeking new markets, monitoring global trends, constantly analyzing market concentration, and promoting fair competition among participating companies, allowing new ones to enter this sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe & Kelly Cristina Vasquez Huatay & Diego Alejandro Ludeña Jugo & Alberto Luis Pantaleón Santa María & Juan César Farías Rodríguez & Fernando Suárez Santa Cruz & Erik Omar , 2024. "Market Diversification and Competitiveness of Fresh Grape Exports in Peru," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:6:p:2528-:d:1359872
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hugo Daniel García Juárez & Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe & Sandra Lizzette León Luyo & Heyner Yuliano Marquez Yauri & Carlos Enrique Mendoza Ocaña & Nelly Victoria De La Cruz Ruiz & Sarita Jessica Ap, 2025. "Competitiveness and Diversification in Grape Exports: Keys to Their Sustainability in Global Markets," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Ali Akbar Anggara & Yudhistira Pradhipta Aryoko & Rhis Ogie Dewandaru & Alfato Yusnar Kharismasyah & Ilham Nuryana Fatchan, 2025. "Does Maintaining Resources, Diversification, and Internationalization Matter for Achieving High Firm Performance? A Sustainable Competitiveness Strategy for China Taipei Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, February.

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