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Competitiveness and Diversification in Grape Exports: Keys to Their Sustainability in Global Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Hugo Daniel García Juárez

    (Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru)

  • Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe

    (Programa de Administración y Administración de Negocios Internacionales Filial Norte, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14001, Peru)

  • Sandra Lizzette León Luyo

    (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 130101, Peru)

  • Heyner Yuliano Marquez Yauri

    (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 130101, Peru)

  • Carlos Enrique Mendoza Ocaña

    (Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo 13001, Peru)

  • Nelly Victoria De La Cruz Ruiz

    (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 130101, Peru)

  • Sarita Jessica Apaza Miranda

    (Universidad Continental, Sede Arequipa 120101, Peru)

  • Christian David Corrales Otazú

    (Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 040101, Peru)

  • Antonio Rafael Rodríguez Abraham

    (Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru)

  • Groover Valenty Villanueva Butrón

    (Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru)

Abstract

This study examined the sustainability of global table grape exports from 2020 to 2024, focusing on two key dimensions: market diversification and international competitiveness. Using data from Trade Map and applying the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Normalized Index (RCAN), the research analyzed the export performance of major grape-exporting countries, including Peru, Chile, the Netherlands, Italy, the United States, South Africa, and China. The results showed significant differences in both market structure and competitive positioning. Countries like Peru and South Africa demonstrated rapid export growth and high competitiveness in certain markets, but faced elevated levels of market concentration, exposing them to external shocks. In contrast, Italy and the Netherlands maintained more diversified portfolios but showed modest competitiveness. The study concluded that no country achieved an ideal balance between diversification and competitiveness. As a result, it is recommended that governments pursue integrated trade strategies that promote geographic expansion alongside measures to enhance export competitiveness. Investments in logistics, quality certifications, and market intelligence are essential to reduce vulnerability and ensure long-term export sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Hugo Daniel García Juárez & Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe & Sandra Lizzette León Luyo & Heyner Yuliano Marquez Yauri & Carlos Enrique Mendoza Ocaña & Nelly Victoria De La Cruz Ruiz & Sarita Jessica Ap, 2025. "Competitiveness and Diversification in Grape Exports: Keys to Their Sustainability in Global Markets," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:17:p:1894-:d:1743703
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bucciarelli, Pauline & Hache, Emmanuel & Mignon, Valérie, 2025. "Evaluating criticality of strategic metals: Are the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and usual concentration thresholds still relevant?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Seccia, Antonio & Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano & Nardone, Gianluca, 2015. "Trade competitiveness in table grapes: a global view," MPRA Paper 70931, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Jose Carlos Montes Ninaquispe & Kelly Cristina Vasquez Huatay & Diego Alejandro Ludeña Jugo & Alberto Luis Pantaleón Santa María & Juan César Farías Rodríguez & Fernando Suárez Santa Cruz & Erik Omar , 2024. "Market Diversification and Competitiveness of Fresh Grape Exports in Peru," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. van der Merwe, Jana-Mart & Vink, Nick & Cloete, Kandas, 2024. "The competitiveness of South African table grape exports in the European markets: Threats from Peru and Chile," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 63(01-2), June.
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    8. Marius Constantin & Bogdan Chiripuci & Elena-Madalina Deaconu & Raluca Ignat, 2025. "Revealing Subtle Competitiveness Nuances in the EU Wine Value Chain by Expanding the Applicability of Elasticities," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 27(69), pages 313-313, April.
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