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Willingness to Participate in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) in Sweden, 2022—Using an Electric Vehicle’s Battery for More Than Transport

Author

Listed:
  • Rahmat Khezri

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • David Steen

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Le Anh Tuan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to the technology that enables electric vehicles (EVs) to push their battery energy back to the grid. The system’s V2X integration includes key functions like V2G, V2H, V2B, etc. This paper explores the preferences of Swedish EV drivers in contributing to V2X programs through an online questionnaire. Respondents were asked to answer questions in three contexts: (1) claims related to their EV charging, (2) V2G application by EV, and (3) V2H application by EV. The respondents were questioned about the importance of control, pricing, energy sustainability and climate issues, impact on the battery, the acceptability of V2X, range anxiety, financial compensation, as well as how and where they prefer to charge the EV. The results of the survey indicate that Swedish EV drivers are more interested in the V2H application than in V2G. Additionally, they express more concern about range anxiety than battery degradation due to the V2X application.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahmat Khezri & David Steen & Le Anh Tuan, 2024. "Willingness to Participate in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) in Sweden, 2022—Using an Electric Vehicle’s Battery for More Than Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:1792-:d:1343488
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thompson, Andrew W. & Perez, Yannick, 2020. "Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) energy services, value streams, and regulatory policy implications," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    2. Geske, Joachim & Schumann, Diana, 2018. "Willing to participate in vehicle-to-grid (V2G)? Why not!," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 392-401.
    3. Vassileva, Iana & Campillo, Javier, 2017. "Adoption barriers for electric vehicles: Experiences from early adopters in Sweden," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 632-641.
    4. Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo & Sovacool, Benjamin K., 2018. "Promoting Vehicle to Grid (V2G) in the Nordic region: Expert advice on policy mechanisms for accelerated diffusion," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 422-432.
    5. Parsons, George R. & Hidrue, Michael K. & Kempton, Willett & Gardner, Meryl P., 2014. "Willingness to pay for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electric vehicles and their contract terms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 313-324.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fu, Zhi & Liu, Xiaochen & Zhang, Ji & Zhang, Tao & Liu, Xiaohua & Jiang, Yi, 2025. "Orderly solar charging of electric vehicles and its impact on charging behavior: A year-round field experiment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
    2. Yajie Hu & Richao Cong & Toru Matsumoto & Yajuan Li, 2025. "Environmental and Economic Impacts of V2X Applications in Electric Vehicles: A Long-Term Perspective for China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-32, July.

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