IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i23p16544-d1293876.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pricing Decisions for Power Battery Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Low-Carbon Input by Echelon Utilization Enterprises

Author

Listed:
  • Nan Xu

    (School of Management, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
    College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China)

  • Yaoqun Xu

    (Institute of System Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)

  • Haiyan Zhong

    (School of Management, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China)

Abstract

Today, with the number of waste power batteries and consumers’ awareness of low-carbon both increasing, a new closed-loop supply chain model in which the node enterprises of reverse supply chains are being constructed. These are responsible for the recycling, echelon utilization and low-carbon innovation of waste power batteries. This provides a new way for the development of reverse supply chain node enterprises and lays a theoretical foundation. In this paper, we use the backward solution method to solve the Nash equilibrium solution of the Stackelberg game. Through numerical calculation and simulation, the decision variables, profit and income of the supply chain are analyzed and the equilibrium results are compared. The experimental results indicate that the implementation of low-carbon innovative production by cascaded utilization enterprises is conducive to the growth of their profits with lower cost inputs. The impact of the initial waste power battery recycling rate on the decision variables is negative, while, for the supply chain as a whole, the profit growth of the node companies can be positive and the location of the inflection point appears to be particularly important. The sensitivity coefficient of low-carbonization levels has a positive regulatory effect on decision variables and location of all parties. The closed-loop supply chain model proposed in this study promotes the overall development of a power battery closed-loop supply chain, and also provides theoretical guidance for reasonable pricing decisions of node enterprises under the new model. Based on the results of this paper, the government can implement incentives such as subsidies, or formulate reasonable policies for the development of a power battery closed-loop supply chain.

Suggested Citation

  • Nan Xu & Yaoqun Xu & Haiyan Zhong, 2023. "Pricing Decisions for Power Battery Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Low-Carbon Input by Echelon Utilization Enterprises," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-30, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:23:p:16544-:d:1293876
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/23/16544/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/23/16544/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cai, Jianhu & Jiang, Feiying, 2023. "Decision models of pricing and carbon emission reduction for low-carbon supply chain under cap-and-trade regulation," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    2. Manyi Tan & Fei Pei & Li He & Hong Cheng & Shupeng Huang, 2023. "Optimal Decision-Making of Closed-Loop Supply Chains in E-Commerce Platform Considering Sales Cooperations under Environmental Effects and WEEE Regulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(9), pages 1-28, May.
    3. Chang Liu & Ying Ji & Xinqi Li, 2023. "Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design with Flexible Capacity under Uncertain Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, October.
    4. Askar, S.S., 2018. "Tripoly Stackelberg game model: One leader versus two followers," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 328(C), pages 301-311.
    5. Zhiyong Chang & Yunmeng Jiao & Xiaojing Wang, 2023. "Influencing the Variable Selection and Prediction of Carbon Emissions in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-15, September.
    6. Zheng, Xiao-Xue & Li, Deng-Feng, 2023. "A new biform game-based investment incentive mechanism for eco-efficient innovation in supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    7. Xuan Zhao & Benhong Peng & Chaoyu Zheng & Anxia Wan, 2022. "Closed-loop supply chain pricing strategy for electric vehicle batteries recycling in China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(6), pages 7725-7752, June.
    8. Yan Shen & Tian Gao & Zizhao Song & Ji Ma, 2023. "Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision-Making and Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns under Carbon Neutral Rewards and Punishments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-25, April.
    9. Xing, Yijun & Liu, Yipeng, 2023. "Integrating product-service innovation into green supply chain management from a life cycle perspective: A systematic review and future research directions," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    10. Gang Li & Mengyu Lu & Sen Lai & Yonghong Li, 2023. "Research on Power Battery Recycling in the Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, July.
    11. Amir Hossein Sheikh Azadi & Vahid Shamsi Nesary & Omid Kebriyaii & Mohammad Khalilzadeh & Jurgita Antucheviciene, 2023. "Design of a Green Supply Chain Based on the Kano Model Considering Pricing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-20, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. S. S. Askar & A. Al-khedhairi, 2019. "Analysis of a Four-Firm Competition Based on a Generalized Bounded Rationality and Different Mechanisms," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-12, May.
    2. Sameh S. Askar, 2020. "The Influences of Asymmetric Market Information on the Dynamics of Duopoly Game," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Boyi Zhang & Shaojian Qu, 2023. "Green Supply Chain Game: Decision-Making and Coordination Mechanism Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-25, November.
    4. Sameh Askar, 2021. "Complex Investigations of a Piecewise-Smooth Remanufacturing Bertrand Duopoly Game," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(20), pages 1-13, October.
    5. Sameh Askar & Abdulaziz Foul & Tarek Mahrous & Saleh Djemele & Emad Ibrahim, 2021. "Global and Local Analysis for a Cournot Duopoly Game with Two Different Objective Functions," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(23), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Askar, S.S. & Al-khedhairi, A., 2020. "On complex dynamic investigations of a piecewise smooth nonlinear duopoly game," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    7. Askar, S.S., 2022. "On the dynamics of Cournot duopoly game with private firms: Investigations and analysis," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 432(C).
    8. Fang Wu & Junhai Ma, 2023. "Research Trend, Logical Structure and Outlook on Complex Economic Game," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, February.
    9. Yan, Bo & Ahmadi, Atefeh & Mehrabbeik, Mahtab & Rajagopal, Karthikeyan & He, Shaobo & Jafari, Sajad, 2022. "Expanding the duopoly Stackelberg game with marginal costs into a multipoly game with lowering the burden of mathematical calculations: a numerical analysis," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    10. Menglin Zhan & Yan Chen, 2022. "Vehicle Company’s Decision-Making to Process Waste Batteries: A Game Research under the Influence of Different Government Subsidy Strategies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-17, October.
    11. Askar, S.S., 2021. "On complex dynamics of Cournot-Bertrand game with asymmetric market information," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 393(C).
    12. Zhang, Ming & Wang, Guanghui & Xu, Jin & Qu, Cunquan, 2020. "Dynamic contest model with bounded rationality," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 370(C).
    13. Jie, Yingmo & Liu, Charles Zhechao & Li, Mingchu & Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond & Chen, Ling & Guo, Cheng, 2020. "Game theoretic resource allocation model for designing effective traffic safety solution against drunk driving," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 376(C).
    14. Manman Jiang & Liping Qin & Wenjin Zuo & Qiang Hu, 2024. "Emission Reduction Decisions in Blockchain-Enabled Low-Carbon Supply Chains under Different Power Structures," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-25, February.
    15. Zhiqiang Fan & Yifan Luo & Ningning Liang & Shanshan Li, 2023. "A Novel Sustainable Reverse Logistics Network Design for Electric Vehicle Batteries Considering Multi-Kind and Multi-Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-28, June.
    16. Joanna Michalowska, 2023. "Model of a Predictive Neural Network for Determining the Electric Fields of Training Flight Phases," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-27, December.
    17. Peng, Yu & Lu, Qian & Wu, Xue & Zhao, Yueru & Xiao, Yue, 2020. "Dynamics of Hotelling triopoly model with bounded rationality," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 373(C).
    18. Askar, S.S., 2022. "Nonlinear dynamic investigations and global analysis of a Cournot duopoly game with two different objectives," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    19. Zhao, Liuwei & Jin, Shuai & Jiang, Hongyun, 2022. "Investigation of complex dynamics and chaos control of the duopoly supply chain under the mixed carbon policy," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    20. Qixuan Tang & Chengjun Wang & Tao Feng, 2024. "Technological Innovation Investment Channels of Industry–University–Research Alliance Enterprises and Non-Alliance Enterprises Based on Evolutionary Game," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:23:p:16544-:d:1293876. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.