IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i16p12148-d1213157.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic Incentive Contract of Government for Port Enterprises to Reduce Emissions in the Blockchain Era: Considering Carbon Trading Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Zhongmiao Sun

    (School of Economics & Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Qi Xu

    (Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China)

  • Jinrong Liu

    (School of Business and Management, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 201415, China)

Abstract

Blockchain technology is very useful. This paper considers the application of blockchain technology to smart contracts, green certification, and market information disclosure, and introduces the carbon trading market price as a parameter to solve the dynamic incentive problem of the government for port enterprises to reduce emissions under the carbon trading policy. Based on the state change of port carbon emission reduction, this paper uses principal–agent theory to construct the dynamic incentive contract model of government without blockchain, with blockchain, and when carbon trading is considered under blockchain, respectively, and uses the optimal control method to solve and analyze the model. This paper finds that only when the opportunity cost of port enterprises is greater than a certain critical point and the fixed cost of blockchain is less than a certain critical point, the implementation of blockchain will help improve government efficiency. However, only when the critical value of carbon emission reduction of port enterprises and the unit operating cost of blockchain are small, the government should start the carbon trading market under blockchain technology. Through numerical simulation, this paper also finds that it is usually beneficial for the government to regulate and appropriately increase the carbon trading market price.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhongmiao Sun & Qi Xu & Jinrong Liu, 2023. "Dynamic Incentive Contract of Government for Port Enterprises to Reduce Emissions in the Blockchain Era: Considering Carbon Trading Policy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-40, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12148-:d:1213157
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12148/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/16/12148/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xianming Zhou & Peter L. Swan, 2003. "Performance Thresholds in Managerial Incentive Contracts," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 76(4), pages 665-696, October.
    2. Hong, Zhaofu & Guo, Xiaolong, 2019. "Green product supply chain contracts considering environmental responsibilities," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 155-166.
    3. Gottlieb, Daniel & Moreira, Humberto, 2022. "Simple contracts with adverse selection and moral hazard," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114348, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Li, Zhiguo & Wang, Jie, 2022. "Spatial spillover effect of carbon emission trading on carbon emission reduction: Empirical data from pilot regions in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    5. Bin Shen & Ciwei Dong & Stefan Minner, 2022. "Combating Copycats in the Supply Chain with Permissioned Blockchain Technology," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(1), pages 138-154, January.
    6. Fangruo Chen, 2005. "Salesforce Incentives, Market Information, and Production/Inventory Planning," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(1), pages 60-75, January.
    7. Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2019. "Blockchain-technology-supported platforms for diamond authentication and certification in luxury supply chains," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 17-29.
    8. Barbos, Andrei, 2019. "Dynamic contracts with random monitoring," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1-16.
    9. Holmstrom, Bengt & Milgrom, Paul, 1987. "Aggregation and Linearity in the Provision of Intertemporal Incentives," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(2), pages 303-328, March.
    10. Hori, Keiichi & Osano, Hiroshi, 2020. "Dynamic contract and discretionary termination policy under loss aversion," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    11. Gottlieb, Daniel & Moreira, Humberto, 2022. "Simple contracts with adverse selection and moral hazard," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 17(3), July.
    12. Shuyi Pu & Jasmine Siu Lee Lam, 2021. "Blockchain adoptions in the maritime industry: a conceptual framework," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(6), pages 777-794, August.
    13. Hubert Pun & Jayashankar M. Swaminathan & Pengwen Hou, 2021. "Blockchain Adoption for Combating Deceptive Counterfeits," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(4), pages 864-882, April.
    14. Zhang, Tianyu & Dong, Peiwu & Chen, Xiangfeng & Gong, Yu, 2023. "The impacts of blockchain adoption on a dual-channel supply chain with risk-averse members," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    15. Ying, Wenchi & Jia, Suling & Du, Wenyu, 2018. "Digital enablement of blockchain: Evidence from HNA group," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-4.
    16. Acciaro, Michele & Ghiara, Hilda & Cusano, Maria Inés, 2014. "Energy management in seaports: A new role for port authorities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 4-12.
    17. Shen, Bin & Xu, Xiaoyan & Yuan, Quan, 2020. "Selling secondhand products through an online platform with blockchain," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    18. Zhongmiao Sun & Qi Xu & Baoli Shi, 2022. "Price and Product Quality Decisions for a Two-Echelon Supply Chain in the Blockchain Era," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 39(01), pages 1-31, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhou, Yu & Gao, Xiang & Luo, Suyuan & Xiong, Yu & Ye, Niangyue, 2022. "Anti-Counterfeiting in a retail Platform: A Game-Theoretic approach," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    2. Cao, Yu & Yi, Chaoqun & Wan, Guangyu & Hu, Hanli & Li, Qingsong & Wang, Shouyang, 2022. "An analysis on the role of blockchain-based platforms in agricultural supply chains," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    3. Zhang, Tianyu & Dong, Peiwu & Chen, Xiangfeng & Gong, Yu, 2023. "The impacts of blockchain adoption on a dual-channel supply chain with risk-averse members," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    4. Li, Qingying & Ma, Manqiong & Shi, Tianqin & Zhu, Chen, 2022. "Green investment in a sustainable supply chain: The role of blockchain and fairness," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    5. Chu, Xiang & Wang, Rui & Lin, Yan & Li, Yantong, 2022. "Building trust in online trade-in programs with a blockchain-enabled system," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    6. Zhang, Xuefeng & Li, Zhe & Li, Guo, 2023. "Impacts of blockchain-based digital transition on cold supply chains with a third-party logistics service provider," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    7. Liu, Shuai & Hua, Guowei & Kang, Yuxuan & Edwin Cheng, T.C. & Xu, Yadong, 2022. "What value does blockchain bring to the imported fresh food supply chain?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    8. Niu, Baozhuang & Xu, Haotao & Chen, Lei, 2022. "Creating all-win by blockchain in a remanufacturing supply chain with consumer risk-aversion and quality untrust," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    9. Li, Zhiwen & Xu, Xianhao & Bai, Qingguo & Guan, Xu & Zeng, Kuan, 2021. "The interplay between blockchain adoption and channel selection in combating counterfeits," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    10. Yang, Lei & Gao, Muyi & Feng, Lipan, 2022. "Competition versus cooperation? Which is better in a remanufacturing supply chain considering blockchain," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    11. De-Qing Ma & Xiao-Qing Wang & Xue Wang & Jin-Song Hu, 2023. "Achieving Triple Benefits in a Platform-Based Closed-Loop Supply Chain: The Optimal Combination between Recycling Channel and Blockchain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-40, February.
    12. Weiting Wang & Yi Liao & Wenjing Shen, 2023. "The Impact of Online Anti-Counterfeiting on Channel Structure and Pricing Decisions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1, May.
    13. Zhu, Shichao & Li, Jian & Wang, Shouyang & Xia, Yusen & Wang, Yajing, 2023. "The role of blockchain technology in the dual-channel supply chain dominated by a brand owner," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    14. Sun, Mingyao & Chai, Qiangfei & Ng, Chi To, 2023. "Managing the quality-speed tradeoff in blockchain-supported healthcare diagnostic services," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    15. Zhang, Yanfen & Xu, Qi & Zhang, Guoqing, 2023. "Optimal contracts with moral hazard and adverse selection in a live streaming commerce market," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    16. Tal Alon & Paul Dutting & Yingkai Li & Inbal Talgam-Cohen, 2022. "Bayesian Analysis of Linear Contracts," Papers 2211.06850, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    17. Cao, Yifan & Shen, Bin, 2022. "Adopting blockchain technology to block less sustainable products’ entry in global trade," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    18. Klöckner, Maximilian & Schmidt, Christoph G. & Fink, Alexander & Flückiger, Leonie & Wagner, Stephan M., 2023. "Exploring the physical–digital interface in blockchain applications: Insights from the luxury watch industry," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    19. Hubert Pun & Pengwen Hou, 2022. "Combating copycatting from emerging market suppliers in global supply chains," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(8), pages 3304-3319, August.
    20. Sumitro Banerjee & Alex P. Thevaranjan, 2013. "How to deal with unprofitable customers? A salesforce compensation perspective," ESMT Research Working Papers ESMT-13-05, ESMT European School of Management and Technology.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12148-:d:1213157. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.