IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i8p4573-d791772.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Travel Behavior before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Mobility Changes and Transport Policies for a Sustainable Transportation System in the Post-Pandemic Period

Author

Listed:
  • Carolina Silva Costa

    (Department of Transportation Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC-USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil)

  • Cira Souza Pitombo

    (Department of Transportation Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC-USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil)

  • Felipe Lobo Umbelino de Souza

    (Department of Transportation Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo (EESC-USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil)

Abstract

This article was motivated by the urban mobility changes observed at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We aim to analyze travel behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil considering two samples of revealed preference online data, independent samples tests, multinomial logit models (MNL), and mixed logit models (ML). The analysis shows a decrease in Urban Public Transport (UPT) use. Comfort and frequency of the UPT service were important factors to attract users during the pandemic period. Ridesourcing services were used for leisure purposes before the pandemic. During the pandemic, they were used for health purposes. Active modes were used more for shopping and leisure purposes during the pandemic. Regarding car users, such as drivers, it was found that they used ridesourcing less often during the pandemic than before. The main contribution of this research concerns the changes in travel behavior that might remain and how these analyses can shape sustainable transportation public policies in the future. Therefore, for a Brazilian study case, this article suggests an increase in the quality of UPT services, a reform on pricing regulations for UPT, an increase in the infrastructure for active modes, an implementation of car demand management strategies, and more strategies to support teleworking as a form of traffic demand management.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolina Silva Costa & Cira Souza Pitombo & Felipe Lobo Umbelino de Souza, 2022. "Travel Behavior before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Mobility Changes and Transport Policies for a Sustainable Transportation System in the Post-Pandemic Period," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-25, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4573-:d:791772
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4573/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4573/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Larranaga, Ana Margarita & Arellana, Julian & Senna, Luiz Afonso, 2017. "Encouraging intermodality: A stated preference analysis of freight mode choice in Rio Grande do Sul," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 202-211.
    2. Beck, Matthew J. & Hensher, David A., 2020. "Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 95-119.
    3. Daniel McFadden & Kenneth Train, 2000. "Mixed MNL models for discrete response," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(5), pages 447-470.
    4. Clewlow, Regina R. & Mishra, Gouri S., 2017. "Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt82w2z91j, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    5. Train,Kenneth E., 2009. "Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521766555.
    6. Mao Ye & Yajing Chen & Guixin Yang & Bo Wang & Qizhou Hu, 2020. "Mixed Logit Models for Travelers’ Mode Shifting Considering Bike-Sharing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Jian Chen & Shoujie Li, 2017. "Mode Choice Model for Public Transport with Categorized Latent Variables," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-11, August.
    8. Yan Han & Wanying Li & Shanshan Wei & Tiantian Zhang, 2018. "Research on Passenger’s Travel Mode Choice Behavior Waiting at Bus Station Based on SEM-Logit Integration Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-23, June.
    9. de Oña, Juan & de Oña, Rocío & Eboli, Laura & Mazzulla, Gabriella, 2013. "Perceived service quality in bus transit service: A structural equation approach," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 219-226.
    10. Hess, Stephane & Palma, David, 2019. "Apollo: A flexible, powerful and customisable freeware package for choice model estimation and application," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Wang, Ding & Tayarani, Mohammad & Yueshuai He, Brian & Gao, Jingqin & Chow, Joseph Y.J. & Oliver Gao, H. & Ozbay, Kaan, 2021. "Mobility in post-pandemic economic reopening under social distancing guidelines: Congestion, emissions, and contact exposure in public transit," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 151-170.
    12. Ioannis Politis & Georgios Georgiadis & Aristomenis Kopsacheilis & Anastasia Nikolaidou & Panagiotis Papaioannou, 2021. "Capturing Twitter Negativity Pre- vs. Mid-COVID-19 Pandemic: An LDA Application on London Public Transport System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, December.
    13. Beck, Matthew J. & Hensher, David A., 2020. "Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days under restrictions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 76-93.
    14. Rahman, Farzana & Das, Tanmay & Hadiuzzaman, Md & Hossain, Sanjana, 2016. "Perceived service quality of paratransit in developing countries: A structural equation approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 23-38.
    15. Tri Joewono & Hisashi Kubota, 2007. "User satisfaction with paratransit in competition with motorization in indonesia: anticipation of future implications," Transportation, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 337-354, May.
    16. Guirao, Begoña & García-Pastor, Antonio & López-Lambas, María Eugenia, 2016. "The importance of service quality attributes in public transportation: Narrowing the gap between scientific research and practitioners' needs," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 68-77.
    17. Md Hadiuzzman & Tanmay Das & Md Mehedi Hasnat & Sanjana Hossain & Sarder Rafee Musabbir, 2017. "Structural equation modeling of user satisfaction of bus transit service quality based on stated preferences and latent variables," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(3), pages 257-277, April.
    18. Cheng, Yung-Hsiang & Chen, Ssu-Yun, 2015. "Perceived accessibility, mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 386-403.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Magnus Moglia & Stephen Glackin & John L. Hopkins, 2022. "The Working-from-Home Natural Experiment in Sydney, Australia: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Haiyan Liu & Jaeyoung Lee, 2023. "Contributing Factors to the Changes in Public and Private Transportation Mode Choice after the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Areas of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Liu, Yicong & Loa, Patrick & Wang, Kaili & Habib, Khandker Nurul, 2023. "Theory-driven or data-driven? Modelling ride-sourcing mode choices using integrated choice and latent variable model and multi-task learning deep neural networks," Journal of choice modelling, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    4. Monika Roman, 2022. "Sustainable Transport: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-14, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chuenyindee, Thanatorn & Ong, Ardvin Kester S. & Ramos, Jon Pauline & Prasetyo, Yogi Tri & Nadlifatin, Reny & Kurata, Yoshiki B. & Sittiwatethanasiri, Thaninrat, 2022. "Public utility vehicle service quality and customer satisfaction in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    2. Arun Ulahannan & Stewart Birrell, 2022. "Designing Better Public Transport: Understanding Mode Choice Preferences Following the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Amirali Soltanpour & Mahmoud Mesbah & Meeghat Habibian, 2020. "Customer satisfaction in urban rail: a study on transferability of structural equation models," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 123-146, March.
    4. Basnak, Paul & Giesen, Ricardo & Muñoz, Juan Carlos, 2022. "Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 140-156.
    5. Hongjun Cui & Mingzhi Li & Minqing Zhu & Xinwei Ma, 2023. "Investigating the Impacts of Urban–Rural Bus Service Quality on Rural Residents’ Travel Choices Using an SEM–MNL Integration Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-22, August.
    6. Xiaoxia Dong & Erick Guerra & Ricardo A. Daziano, 2022. "Impact of TNC on travel behavior and mode choice: a comparative analysis of Boston and Philadelphia," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(6), pages 1577-1597, December.
    7. Tiglao, Noriel Christopher C. & De Veyra, Janna M. & Tolentino, Niki Jon Y. & Tacderas, Mark Angelo Y., 2020. "The perception of service quality among paratransit users in Metro Manila using structural equations modelling (SEM) approach," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    8. Tinessa, Fiore & Marzano, Vittorio & Papola, Andrea, 2020. "Mixing distributions of tastes with a Combination of Nested Logit (CoNL) kernel: Formulation and performance analysis," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1-23.
    9. Solvi Hoen, Fredrik & Díez-Gutiérrez, María & Babri, Sahar & Hess, Stephane & Tørset, Trude, 2023. "Charging electric vehicles on long trips and the willingness to pay to reduce waiting for charging. Stated preference survey in Norway," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    10. Tom Storme & Corneel Casier & Hossein Azadi & Frank Witlox, 2021. "Impact Assessments of New Mobility Services: A Critical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    11. Mandhani, Jyoti & Nayak, Jogendra Kumar & Parida, Manoranjan, 2020. "Interrelationships among service quality factors of Metro Rail Transit System: An integrated Bayesian networks and PLS-SEM approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 320-336.
    12. Das, Sanhita & Boruah, Alice & Banerjee, Arunabha & Raoniar, Rahul & Nama, Suresh & Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19: A radical modal shift from public to private transport mode," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-11.
    13. Shaer, Amin & Haghshenas, Hossein, 2021. "Evaluating the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the older adults’ travel mode choices," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 162-172.
    14. Vega, Amaya & Feo-Valero, Maria & Espino-Espino, Raquel, 2018. "The potential impact of Brexit on Ireland's demand for shipping services to continental Europe," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-13.
    15. Siliang Luan & Qingfang Yang & Zhongtai Jiang & Huxing Zhou & Fanyun Meng, 2022. "Analyzing Commute Mode Choice Using the LCNL Model in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-26, April.
    16. Laura Eboli & Gabriella Mazzulla, 2014. "Investigating the heterogeneity of bus users' preferences through discrete choice modelling," Transportation Planning and Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(8), pages 695-710, December.
    17. Alix Le Goff & Guillaume Monchambert & Charles Raux, 2020. "Values of Time for Carpool Commuting with HOV lanes: A Discrete Choice Experiment in France," Working Papers halshs-02988756, HAL.
    18. Soria, Jason & Edward, Deirdre & Stathopoulos, Amanda, 2023. "Requiem for transit ridership? An examination of who abandoned, who will return, and who will ride more with mobility as a service," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 139-154.
    19. Md. Minhajul Islam KHAN & Dr. Md. HADIUZZAMAN & Tanmay DAS & Fahmida RAHMAN & Tahmida Hossain SHIMU, 2018. "A Structural Equation Approach In Modeling Perceived Service Quality Of Passenger Ferry," Management Research and Practice, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 10(1), pages 42-63, March.
    20. Echaniz, Eneko & dell’Olio, Luigi & Ibeas, Ángel, 2018. "Modelling perceived quality for urban public transport systems using weighted variables and random parameters," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 31-39.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4573-:d:791772. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.