IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i3p1214-d730217.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Considering Battery Degradation

Author

Listed:
  • Fengyan Yi

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China)

  • Dagang Lu

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China)

  • Xingmao Wang

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China)

  • Chaofeng Pan

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Yuanxue Tao

    (Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

  • Jiaming Zhou

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
    Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China)

  • Changli Zhao

    (School of Automotive Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China)

Abstract

The development of energy management strategy (EMS), which considers how power is distributed between the battery and ultracapacitor, can reduce the electric vehicle’s power consumption and slow down battery degradation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop an EMS for hybrid energy storage electric vehicles based on Pontryagin’s minimums principle (PMP) considering battery degradation. To verify the EMS, the hybrid energy storage electric vehicle model is first established. In the meantime, the battery cycle life trials are finished in order to develop a battery degradation model. Following that, a rule-based control approach and the PMP optimization algorithm are used to allocate power in a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in a reasonable manner. Finally, a simulation experiment under urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) settings verifies the established EMS, and the findings reveal that the suggested EMS has a lower energy consumption rate and battery deterioration rate than the rule-based method.

Suggested Citation

  • Fengyan Yi & Dagang Lu & Xingmao Wang & Chaofeng Pan & Yuanxue Tao & Jiaming Zhou & Changli Zhao, 2022. "Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicles Based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Considering Battery Degradation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1214-:d:730217
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1214/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1214/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Song, Ziyou & Li, Jianqiu & Han, Xuebing & Xu, Liangfei & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Hofmann, Heath, 2014. "Multi-objective optimization of a semi-active battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 212-224.
    2. Hannan, M.A. & Hoque, M.M. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Review of energy storage systems for electric vehicle applications: Issues and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 771-789.
    3. Li, Jianwei & Xiong, Rui & Yang, Qingqing & Liang, Fei & Zhang, Min & Yuan, Weijia, 2017. "Design/test of a hybrid energy storage system for primary frequency control using a dynamic droop method in an isolated microgrid power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 257-269.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sagar Hossain & Md. Rokonuzzaman & Kazi Sajedur Rahman & A. K. M. Ahasan Habib & Wen-Shan Tan & Md Mahmud & Shahariar Chowdhury & Sittiporn Channumsin, 2023. "Grid-Vehicle-Grid (G2V2G) Efficient Power Transmission: An Overview of Concept, Operations, Benefits, Concerns, and Future Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Zhipeng Jiao & Jian Ma & Xuan Zhao & Kai Zhang & Dean Meng & Xuebo Li, 2022. "Development of a Rapid Inspection Driving Cycle for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Operational Safety," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, April.
    3. Zhiming Zhang & Sai Wu & Huimin Miao & Tong Zhang, 2022. "Numerical Investigation of Flow Channel Design and Tapered Slope Effects on PEM Fuel Cell Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Kun He & Dongchen Qin & Jiangyi Chen & Tingting Wang & Hongxia Wu & Peizhuo Wang, 2023. "Adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Fuel Cell Buses Based on Driving Style Recognition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Jiaming Zhou & Jie Liu & Qingqing Su & Chunxiao Feng & Xingmao Wang & Donghai Hu & Fengyan Yi & Chunchun Jia & Zhixian Fan & Shangfeng Jiang, 2022. "Heat Dissipation Enhancement Structure Design of Two-Stage Electric Air Compressor for Fuel Cell Vehicles Considering Efficiency Improvement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-13, June.
    6. Jiaming Zhou & Chunxiao Feng & Qingqing Su & Shangfeng Jiang & Zhixian Fan & Jiageng Ruan & Shikai Sun & Leli Hu, 2022. "The Multi-Objective Optimization of Powertrain Design and Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell–Battery Electric Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Xiaoping Li & Junming Zhou & Wei Guan & Feng Jiang & Guangming Xie & Chunfeng Wang & Weiguang Zheng & Zhijie Fang, 2023. "Optimization of Brake Feedback Efficiency for Small Pure Electric Vehicles Based on Multiple Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Zhiming Zhang & Jun Zhang & Liang Shi & Tong Zhang, 2022. "A Study of Contact Pressure with Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Action for a Full-Dimensional PEMFC Stack," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
    9. Wang, Yichun & Zhang, Yuanzhi & Zhang, Caizhi & Zhou, Jiaming & Hu, Donghai & Yi, Fengyan & Fan, Zhixian & Zeng, Tao, 2023. "Genetic algorithm-based fuzzy optimization of energy management strategy for fuel cell vehicles considering driving cycles recognition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PF).
    10. Kunang Li & Chunchun Jia & Xuefeng Han & Hongwen He, 2023. "A Novel Minimal-Cost Power Allocation Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Buses Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    11. Xu Wang & Ying Huang & Jian Wang, 2023. "Study on Driver-Oriented Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Heavy-Duty Off-Road Vehicles under Aggressive Transient Operating Condition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, May.
    12. Bo Li & Wenhao Wang & Shaoyi Bei & Zhengqiang Quan, 2022. "Analysis of Heat Dissipation Performance of Battery Liquid Cooling Plate Based on Bionic Structure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cong Zhang & Dai Wang & Bin Wang & Fan Tong, 2020. "Battery Degradation Minimization-Oriented Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.
    3. Zhuang, Weichao & Ye, Jianwei & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong & Li, Guangmin, 2020. "Comparison of semi-active hybrid battery system configurations for electric taxis application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    4. Takele Ferede Agajie & Armand Fopah-Lele & Ahmed Ali & Isaac Amoussou & Baseem Khan & Mahmoud Elsisi & Wirnkar Basil Nsanyuy & Om Prakash Mahela & Roberto Marcelo Álvarez & Emmanuel Tanyi, 2023. "Integration of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for Fast-Response Storage in a Hybrid Solar PV-Biogas with Pumped-Hydro Energy Storage Power Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-30, July.
    5. Niu, Junyan & Zhuang, Weichao & Ye, Jianwei & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong & Zhang, Yuanjian, 2022. "Optimal sizing and learning-based energy management strategy of NCR/LTO hybrid battery system for electric taxis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    6. Sun, Qixing & Xing, Dong & Alafnan, Hamoud & Pei, Xiaoze & Zhang, Min & Yuan, Weijia, 2019. "Design and test of a new two-stage control scheme for SMES-battery hybrid energy storage systems for microgrid applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    7. Wang, Jing & Kang, Lixia & Liu, Yongzhong, 2020. "Optimal scheduling for electric bus fleets based on dynamic programming approach by considering battery capacity fade," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    8. Gui, Yonghao & Wei, Baoze & Li, Mingshen & Guerrero, Josep M. & Vasquez, Juan C., 2018. "Passivity-based coordinated control for islanded AC microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 551-561.
    9. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Tan, Chee Wei & Yatim, A.H.M., 2017. "Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 268-291.
    10. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
    11. Yang, Jibin & Xu, Xiaohui & Peng, Yiqiang & Zhang, Jiye & Song, Pengyun, 2019. "Modeling and optimal energy management strategy for a catenary-battery-ultracapacitor based hybrid tramway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1123-1135.
    12. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    13. Muhammad Khalid, 2019. "A Review on the Selected Applications of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-34, November.
    14. Jiansong Li & Jiyun Zhao & Xiaochun Zhang, 2020. "A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-25, January.
    15. Polleux, Louis & Guerassimoff, Gilles & Marmorat, Jean-Paul & Sandoval-Moreno, John & Schuhler, Thierry, 2022. "An overview of the challenges of solar power integration in isolated industrial microgrids with reliability constraints," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    16. Jiajun Liu & Tianxu Jin & Li Liu & Yajue Chen & Kun Yuan, 2017. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-18, October.
    17. Liu, Xuan & Xue, Jilai, 2019. "The role of Al2Gd cuboids in the discharge performance and electrochemical behaviors of AZ31-Gd anode for Mg-air batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    18. Jiaming Zhou & Chunxiao Feng & Qingqing Su & Shangfeng Jiang & Zhixian Fan & Jiageng Ruan & Shikai Sun & Leli Hu, 2022. "The Multi-Objective Optimization of Powertrain Design and Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell–Battery Electric Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    19. Horn, Michael & MacLeod, Jennifer & Liu, Meinan & Webb, Jeremy & Motta, Nunzio, 2019. "Supercapacitors: A new source of power for electric cars?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 93-103.
    20. Jiang, Hongliang & Xu, Liangfei & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019. "Energy management and component sizing for a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid powertrain based on two-dimensional optimization algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 386-396.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1214-:d:730217. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.