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Field Measurement of Central CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater for Multifamily Retrofit

Author

Listed:
  • Adria Banks

    (Ecotope, Inc., 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA)

  • Colin Grist

    (Ecotope, Inc., 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA)

  • Jonathan Heller

    (Ecotope, Inc., 1917 1st Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA)

  • Hyunwoo Lim

    (College of Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea)

Abstract

Domestic hot water heating of multifamily buildings accounts for a substantial portion of the energy load of existing buildings. This load is made up of both the energy required to produce hot water and the energy needed to maintain the temperature of the heated water within a building’s distribution piping so that heat can be promptly delivered to building occupants as needed. Properly designed heat pump water heater (HPWH) systems have the ability to improve efficiency in both water heating and temperature control operations. Further, CO 2 heat pump technology reflects a shift away from traditional refrigerants and toward refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP). In this paper’s case study, a design consisting of multiple CO 2 heat pump water heaters (commonly used in single-family homes) with a novel “swing tank” was proposed to meet the demand for domestic hot water heating and recirculation loop temperature maintenance. The proposed design was applied to the retrofit of a 60-unit, low-rise, multi-family building located in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to verify the performance of the system including the proposed “swing tank” in a centralized SHW system using CO 2 HPWH. It also provides practical information and lessons learned from the retrofit project. Long-term monitoring data showed that the system had a coefficient of performance (COP) of three or greater and provided an average of 20 gallons of hot water per day per apartment. The results of this work indicate that residential-scale CO 2 HPWH equipment and a “swing tank” design can efficiently provide domestic hot water heating and temperature maintenance for mid-sized multifamily buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Adria Banks & Colin Grist & Jonathan Heller & Hyunwoo Lim, 2022. "Field Measurement of Central CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater for Multifamily Retrofit," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:8048-:d:853633
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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