IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i6p3350-d519576.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification

Author

Listed:
  • Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah

    (Mechanical Engineering Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia)

  • Razali Thaib

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia)

  • Arridina Susan Silitonga

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Jassinnee Milano

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Abd. Halim Shamsuddin

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Abdi Hanra Sebayang

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Rahmawaty

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Joko Sutrisno

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan 20155, Indonesia)

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

    (School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

The limitation of fossil fuel sources and negative environmental impact persuade scientists around the world to find a solution. One possible solution is by using renewable fuel to replace fossil fuel with an inexpensive, fast, and effective production process. The objective of this study is to investigate the biodiesel production from crude Reutealis trisperma oil using the conventional and the ultrasonic bath stirrer method through the esterification and transesterification process. The result shows that the most effective reaction time with an optimum condition for the esterification and transesterification of Reutealis trisperma oil is at 2 h 30 min by using the ultrasonic bath stirrer method. The optimum conditions at a temperature of 55 °C for the esterification and at 60 °C for transesterification with 2% ( v / v ) of sulphuric acid with catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt.% were a methanol-to-oil ratio of 60%, and agitation speed of 1000 rpm. This optimum condition gives the highest yield of 95.29% for the Reutealis trisperma biodiesel. The results showed that the ultrasonic bath stirrer method had more effect on the reaction time needed than using the conventional method and reduced half of the conventional method reaction time. Finally, the properties of Reutealis trisperma biodiesel fulfilled the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards with density, 892 kg/m 3 ; pour point, −2 °C; cloud point, −1 °C; flash point, 206.5 °C; calorific value, 40.098 MJ/kg; and acid value, 0.26 mg KOH/g.

Suggested Citation

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Razali Thaib & Arridina Susan Silitonga & Jassinnee Milano & Abd. Halim Shamsuddin & Abdi Hanra Sebayang & Rahmawaty & Joko Sutrisno & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2021. "Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3350-:d:519576
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3350/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3350/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Silitonga, A.S. & Masjuki, H.H. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Sebayang, A.H. & Dharma, S. & Kusumo, F. & Siswantoro, J. & Milano, Jassinnee & Daud, Khairil & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Sugiyanto, Bamban, 2018. "Evaluation of the engine performance and exhaust emissions of biodiesel-bioethanol-diesel blends using kernel-based extreme learning machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 1075-1087.
    2. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
    3. Ashok, B. & Nanthagopal, K. & Darla, Sivaprasad & Chyuan, Ong Hwai & Ramesh, A. & Jacob, Ashwin & Sahil, G. & Thiyagarajan, S. & Geo, V. Edwin, 2019. "Comparative assessment of hexanol and decanol as oxygenated additives with calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 494-510.
    4. Silitonga, A.S. & Shamsuddin, A.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Milano, Jassinne & Kusumo, F. & Siswantoro, Joko & Dharma, S. & Sebayang, A.H. & Masjuki, H.H. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2020. "Biodiesel synthesis from Ceiba pentandra oil by microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification: ELM modeling and optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1278-1291.
    5. Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Amid, Sama & Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Kianian, Ghaem, 2020. "Life cycle assessment analysis of an ultrasound-assisted system converting waste cooking oil into biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 1352-1364.
    6. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    7. Silitonga, A.S. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Ong, H.C. & Chong, W.T. & Boosroh, M.H., 2013. "Overview properties of biodiesel diesel blends from edible and non-edible feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 346-360.
    8. Ramos, Ángel & García-Contreras, Reyes & Armas, Octavio, 2016. "Performance, combustion timing and emissions from a light duty vehicle at different altitudes fueled with animal fat biodiesel, GTL and diesel fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 507-517.
    9. Chia, Shir Reen & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chew, Kit Wayne & Show, Pau Loke & Phang, Siew-Moi & Ling, Tau Chuan & Nagarajan, Dillirani & Lee, Duu-Jong & Chang, Jo-Shu, 2018. "Sustainable approaches for algae utilisation in bioenergy production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PB), pages 838-852.
    10. Davis, Ryan & Aden, Andy & Pienkos, Philip T., 2011. "Techno-economic analysis of autotrophic microalgae for fuel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(10), pages 3524-3531.
    11. Goh, Brandon Han Hoe & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Cheah, Mei Yee & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Yu, Kai Ling & Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra, 2019. "Sustainability of direct biodiesel synthesis from microalgae biomass: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 59-74.
    12. Singh, S.P. & Singh, Dipti, 2010. "Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 200-216, January.
    13. López, I. & Pinzi, S. & Leiva-Candia, D. & Dorado, M.P., 2016. "Multiple response optimization to reduce exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of a diesel engine fueled with olive pomace oil methyl ester/diesel fuel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 398-404.
    14. Calixto, Clediana Dantas & da Silva Santana, Jordana Kaline & Tibúrcio, Viviane Pereira & de Pontes, Liliana de Fátima Bezerra Lira & da Costa Sassi, Cristiane Francisca & da Conceição, Marta Maria & , 2018. "Productivity and fuel quality parameters of lipids obtained from 12 species of microalgae from the northeastern region of Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1144-1152.
    15. Yahyaee, R. & Ghobadian, B. & Najafi, G., 2013. "Waste fish oil biodiesel as a source of renewable fuel in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 312-319.
    16. Silitonga, A.S. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Kusumo, F. & Dharma, S. & Sebayang, A.H. & Sembiring, R.W. & Shamsuddin, A.H., 2019. "Intensification of Reutealis trisperma biodiesel production using infrared radiation: Simulation, optimisation and validation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 520-527.
    17. Mason, I.G. & Page, S.C. & Williamson, A.G., 2010. "A 100% renewable electricity generation system for New Zealand utilising hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 3973-3984, August.
    18. Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Silitonga, A.S. & Chong, W.T. & Yusaf, Talal, 2014. "Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 427-445.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aasma Saeed & Muhammad Asif Hanif & Asma Hanif & Umer Rashid & Javed Iqbal & Muhammad Irfan Majeed & Bryan R. Moser & Ali Alsalme, 2021. "Production of Biodiesel from Spirogyra elongata , a Common Freshwater Green Algae with High Oil Content," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-10, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hamed Pourzolfaghar & Faisal Abnisa & Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud & Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2020. "Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Mofijur & A.S. Silitonga & D. Gumilang & Fitranto Kusumo & T.M.I. Mahlia, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    3. M. Mofijur & F. Kusumo & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & H. M. Mahmudul & M. G. Rasul & A. H. Shamsuddin & T. M. I. Mahlia, 2020. "Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Jing Han Siow & Muhammad Roil Bilad & Wahyu Caesarendra & Jia Jia Leam & Mohammad Azmi Bustam & Nonni Soraya Sambudi & Yusuf Wibisono & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2021. "Progress in Development of Nanostructured Manganese Oxide as Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, October.
    5. Nong, Duy & Nguyen, Duong Binh & Nguyen, Trung H. & Wang, Can & Siriwardana, Mahinda, 2020. "A stronger energy strategy for a new era of economic development in Vietnam: A quantitative assessment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    6. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    7. Mujtaba, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Gul, M. & Farooq, M. & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Ahmed, Waqar & Harith, M.H. & Yusoff, M.N.A.M., 2020. "Ultrasound-assisted process optimization and tribological characteristics of biodiesel from palm-sesame oil via response surface methodology and extreme learning machine - Cuckoo search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 202-214.
    8. Fazril Ideris & Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri & Abd Halim Shamsuddin & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Fitranto Kusumo & Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2022. "Progress on Conventional and Advanced Techniques of In Situ Transesterification of Microalgae Lipids for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-32, September.
    9. M. A. Mujtaba & H. H. Masjuki & M. A. Kalam & Fahad Noor & Muhammad Farooq & Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Gul & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Shahid Bashir & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & L. Razzaq, 2020. "Effect of Additivized Biodiesel Blends on Diesel Engine Performance, Emission, Tribological Characteristics, and Lubricant Tribology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    10. Khairil & Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Samsul Bahri & Sarwo Edhy Sofyan & Jalaluddin Jalaluddin & Fitranto Kusumo & Arridina Susan Silitonga & Yanti Padli & Muhammad Jihad & Abd Halim Shamsuddin, 2020. "Experimental Study on the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil–Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    11. Hoang Chinh Nguyen & Fu-Ming Wang & Kim Khue Dinh & Thanh Truc Pham & Horng-Yi Juan & Nguyen Phuong Nguyen & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Chia-Hung Su, 2020. "Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.
    12. Mahmudul, H.M. & Rasul, M.G. & Akbar, D. & Narayanan, R. & Mofijur, M., 2022. "Food waste as a source of sustainable energy: Technical, economical, environmental and regulatory feasibility analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    13. Fayaz Hussain & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Asif Afzal & M.A. Mujtaba & I.M. Rizwanul Fattah & Bharat Naik & Mohammed Huzaifa Mulla & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & T. M. Yunus Khan & Vallapudi Dhana Raju &, 2020. "Enhancement in Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Ce-ZnO Nanoparticle Additive Added to Soybean Biodiesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    14. M. Mofijur & M.M. Hasan & T.M.I. Mahlia & S.M. Ashrafur Rahman & A.S. Silitonga & Hwai Chyuan Ong, 2019. "Performance and Emission Parameters of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-21, September.
    15. M. Mofijur & T.M.I. Mahlia & J. Logeswaran & M. Anwar & A.S. Silitonga & S.M. Ashrafur Rahman & A.H. Shamsuddin, 2019. "Potential of Rice Industry Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    16. Nautiyal, Piyushi & Subramanian, K.A. & Dastidar, M.G. & Kumar, Ashok, 2020. "Experimental assessment of performance, combustion and emissions of a compression ignition engine fuelled with Spirulina platensis biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    17. Vigneshwar, V. & Krishnan, S. Yogesh & Kishna, R. Susanth & Srinath, R. & Ashok, B. & Nanthagopal, K., 2019. "Comprehensive review of Calophyllum inophyllum as a feasible alternate energy for CI engine applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    18. Kumar, Sunil & Jain, Siddharth & Kumar, Harmesh, 2021. "Application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and response surface methodology in biodiesel synthesis from jatropha–algae oil and its performance and emission analysis on diesel engine coupled ," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    19. Ambat, Indu & Srivastava, Varsha & Sillanpää, Mika, 2018. "Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 356-369.
    20. Babatunde Oladipo & Tunde V Ojumu & Lekan M Latinwo & Eriola Betiku, 2020. "Pawpaw ( Carica papaya ) Peel Waste as a Novel Green Heterogeneous Catalyst for Moringa Oil Methyl Esters Synthesis: Process Optimization and Kinetic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-25, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3350-:d:519576. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.