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Progress on Conventional and Advanced Techniques of In Situ Transesterification of Microalgae Lipids for Biodiesel Production

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  • Fazril Ideris

    (Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri

    (Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Abd Halim Shamsuddin

    (Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Saifuddin Nomanbhay

    (Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Fitranto Kusumo

    (Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah

    (Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

    (Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels have spurred many efforts in the quest for finding renewable, alternative sources of fuels, such as biodiesel. Due to its auxiliary functions in areas such as carbon dioxide sequestration and wastewater treatment, the potential of microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel production has attracted a lot of attention from researchers all over the world. Major improvements have been made from the upstream to the downstream aspects related to microalgae processing. One of the main concerns is the high cost associated with the production of biodiesel from microalgae, which includes drying of the biomass and the subsequent lipid extraction. These two processes can be circumvented by applying direct or in situ transesterification of the wet microalgae biomass, hence substantially reducing the cost. In situ transesterification is considered as a significant improvement to commercially produce biodiesel from microalgae. This review covers the methods used to extract lipids from microalgae and various in situ transesterification methods, focusing on recent developments related to the process. Nevertheless, more studies need to be conducted to further enhance the discussed in situ transesterification methods before implementing them on a commercial scale.

Suggested Citation

  • Fazril Ideris & Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri & Abd Halim Shamsuddin & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Fitranto Kusumo & Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2022. "Progress on Conventional and Advanced Techniques of In Situ Transesterification of Microalgae Lipids for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-32, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7190-:d:929467
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    1. Suherman Suherman & Ilmi Abdullah & Muhammad Sabri & Arridina Susan Silitonga, 2023. "Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties Composite Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil and Schleichera oleosa Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Marcin Dębowski & Izabela Świca & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Marcin Zieliński, 2022. "Large Scale Microalgae Biofuel Technology—Development Perspectives in Light of the Barriers and Limitations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Sergio Nogales-Delgado & Agustina Guiberteau Cabanillas & Juan Pedro Moro & José María Encinar Martín, 2023. "Use of Propyl Gallate in Cardoon Biodiesel to Keep Its Main Properties during Oxidation," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-15, May.

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