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Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol

Author

Listed:
  • Hamed Pourzolfaghar

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Faisal Abnisa

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua

    (Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
    Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK)

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

    (School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO 2 . The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N 2 physisorption (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD). In addition, to examine the activity and performance of the catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-oil oxygenated compounds, the experimental reaction runs, as well as stability and durability tests, were performed using 3% Zn/SiO 2 as the catalyst. Characterization of silica-supported zinc catalysts revealed an even dispersion of the active site over the support in the various dopings of the zinc. The acidity of the calcinated catalysts elevated clearly up to 0.481 mmol/g. Moreover, characteristic outcomes indicate that elevating the doping of zinc metal led to interaction and substitution of proton sites on the SiO 2 surface that finally resulted in an increase in the desorption temperature peak. The experiments were performed at temperature 500 °C, pressure 1 atm; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.32 (h −1 ); feed flow rate 0.5 (mL/min); and hydrogen flow rate 150 (mL/min). Based on the results, it was revealed that among all the prepared catalysts, that with 3% of zinc had the highest conversion efficiency up to 80%. However, the selectivity of the major products, analyzed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), was not influenced by the variation in the active site doping.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamed Pourzolfaghar & Faisal Abnisa & Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud & Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2020. "Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:11:p:2802-:d:366014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
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    1. T. M. Indra Mahlia & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, 2021. "Energy for Sustainable Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-2, November.

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